This paper contributes to the study of social change by considering boundary work as a dimension of cultural change. Drawing on the computer‐assisted qualitative analysis of 73 formal speeches made by Donald Trump during the 2016 electoral campaign, we argue that his political rhetoric, which led to his presidential victory, addressed the white working class's concern with their declining position in the national pecking order. He addressed this group's concern by raising their moral status, that is, by (1) emphatically describing them as hard‐working Americans who are victims of globalization; (2) voicing their concerns about ‘people above’ (professionals, the rich, and politicians); (3) drawing strong moral boundaries toward undocumented immigrants, refugees, and Muslims; (4) presenting African Americans and (legal) Hispanic Americans as workers who also deserve jobs; (5) stressing the role of working‐class men as protectors of women and LGBTQ people. This particular case study of the role of boundary work in political rhetoric provides a novel, distinctively sociological approach for capturing dynamics of social change.
Three prominent research programmes in cognitive psychology would benefit from a stronger engagement with the cultural context of cognition: studies of poverty focused on scarcity and cognitive bandwidth, studies of dual-processmorality and stud- ies of biases using the implicit association test. We address some limitations of these programmes and suggest research strat- egies for moving beyond an exclusive focus on cognition. Research on poverty using the cognitive bandwidth approach would benefit from considering the cultural schemas that influence how people perceive and prioritize needs. Dual-process morality researchers could explain variation by analysing cultural repertoires that structure moral choices. Research using the implicit association test can better explain implicit attitudes by addressing the variability in cultural schemas that undergird biases. We identify how these research programmes can deepen the causal understanding of human attitudes and behaviours by address- ing the interaction between internal cognition and supra-individual cultural repertoires.
In the United States, political consumerism has evolved alongside the country’s racial struggles. Throughout American history, ethnoracial minority groups have used different forms of racialized political consumerism in order to advance their rights. White supremacist groups have also taken part in boycotts to promote their cause. Addressing the need to assess the meaning and significance of a tactic that is considered to be a longstanding political tradition, this chapter provides an analytical guide for the study of racialized political consumerism in democratic societies. It does so by (1) illustrating the historical and contemporary uses of political consumerism in racial struggles in the United States, (2) examining the different forms of political consumerism used by ethnoracial minorities, and (3) discussing the theoretical value of the concept of racialized political consumerism.
p u b l i c o p i n i o n i n t h e m a k i n gLuc Boltanski and Arnaud Esquerre, Qu'est-ce que l'actualité politique ? Évènements et opinions au XXI e siècle (Paris, Gallimard, 2022, 352 p.) Luc Boltanski's and Arnaud Esquerre's new book, Qu'est-ce que l'actualité politique ? Évènements et opinions au XXI e siècle, looks at the relationship between two sets of processes that animate the public space: the first pertains to what the authors refer to as "mise en actualité," or the processes of putting out news; the second deals with politisation, or the process of problematization carried out with the facts that have been laid out on the table . The bigger ambition of their masterful analysis of the making of public opinion is to examine more closely the changes that our liberal and representative democracy currently faces, thereby offering insight on how to make it more resilient.Based on text analyses of comments around news articles from Le Monde and videos from YouTube, the authors examine how the news is being made and being politicized in today's capitalist system. Boltanski and Esquerre present their theoretical and empirical work in the span of nine chapters coupled with a detailed introduction and thoughtprovoking conclusion-all structured around two parts that stand as the main pillars of analysis. These pillars present well-identified and stable concepts that put their theoretical and empirical examinations into movement. The first part, focusing on an ontology of the news itself, looks at how l'actualité, or the news, is tied to the longer stretch of History. The second, on the other hand, deals with the politicization that occurs in between the lines that have been inscribed in the news and the course of History it has traced.Readers on both sides of the Atlantic who have the opportunity to obtain and go through this book will thus find themselves engaging in at least two important tasks: 1) fully appreciating the authors' conceptualizations of "actualité politique" and the processes of politicization they theorize, and 2) thinking about how these would be best translated or applied across different contexts. Early on, readers will quickly come to the realization that "political news" is probably not the right term to translate the very concept that Luc Boltanski and Arnaud Esquerre are dealing with in their analysis. In fact, the words "news" or the term "political" cannot fully encapsulate their ideas and intricate
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