2D π-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) are promising anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high intrinsic conductivity and stability in organic electrolytes. However, the development of c-MOFs with multi-redox sites to improve the overall performance of SIBs is highly desired but remains a great challenge. Herein, this work reports the electrochemically active hexaazatrinaphthylene-based 2D π-d c-MOFs (HATN-XCu, X = O or S) as advanced anode materials with dual-redox sites for SIBs. The ordered porous and layer-stacked structure can provide fast transmission and diffusion channels for ions along the stacking directions. Ex situ Fourier transformed infrared spectra together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the dual-redox site storage mechanism of HATN-XCu, namely, the continuous multi-electron reactions occurring on the redox-active CN group and [CuX 4 ]unit, respectively. Based on the synergistic effect of dual-redox sites, HATN-OCu anode exhibits impressive reversible capacity (500 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ) and high-rate performance (151 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ). Significantly, a sodium-ion full battery assembled using a HATN-OCu anode and Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 F cathode also displays high-rate performance (117 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ) and stable long-cycle life (the capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 2 A g −1 ).
Micro/nanorobots have attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to their micro/nano scale sizes and autonomously untethered motions. Meanwhile, stem cell‐based therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cure previously irreparable degenerative diseases by virtue of the stem cells’ differentiation and regeneration. To ensure the efficiency of the stem cell delivery, developing suitable and reliable cell‐transport systems is essential. Micro/nanorobots aimed at cell transport have progressed in recent years, which can perform this crucial step of cell delivery accurately and noninvasively during cell‐based therapy. Herein, a review of the design and fabrication technologies and actuation mechanisms of cell‐transport microrobots is presented. The applications of the micro/nanorobotic cell‐manipulation and cell‐transport platforms are discussed, as well as the current challenges and the future perspectives in translation of microrobots from research stage to clinical applications.
The electrostatically embedded many-body (EE-MB) method has been very successful for calculating energies of molecular clusters. Here, we introduce screened charges in the EE-MB method and evaluate the accuracy of the resulting method for calculating the binding energy for five water hexamers. The screened EE-MB method shows dramatic improvement over the unscreened method. The mean unsigned deviation of the screened EE-MB binding energies relative to unfragmented calculations on the entire cluster is 0.60 kcal/mol at the pairwise additive (PA) level of approximation and 0.24 kcal/mol at the three-body (3B) level, as compared to mean unsigned deviations of 1.32 (PA) and 0.54 (3B) kcal/mol with unscreened charges. The mean unsigned percentage deviations with screened embedding are only 1.1% (PA) and 0.5% (3B). The high accuracy obtained with the very affordable and quadratically scaling PA method is very encouraging and opens the door to more accurate simulations on complex systems.
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