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In this work, a new smoothness indicator that measures the local smoothness of a function in a stencil is introduced. The new local smoothness indicator is defined based on the Lagrangian interpolation polynomial and has a more succinct form compared with the classical one proposed by Jiang and Shu [12]. Furthermore, several global smoothness indicators with truncation errors of up to 8th-order are devised. With the new local and global smoothness indicators, the corresponding weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme can present the fifth order convergence in smooth regions, especially at critical points where the first and second derivatives vanish (but the third derivatives are not zero). Also, the use of higher order global smoothness indicators incurs less dissipation near the discontinuities of the solution. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.

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In a cosmic dusty plasma, the dust-acoustic-wave propagation may be described by a cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. In this Letter, for such modeling of environments like supernova shells, Saturn’s F-ring, etc., cylindrical nebulons and an auto-Bäcklund transformation are presented via symbolic computation. Nebulon structures are discussed, and possibly observable effects are proposed for cosmic plasmas.

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