Background Beekeeping and honey gathering are traditional forms of agricultural farming in China. However, only few studies have focused on the nutritional status and health level of this special occupational group. Objective By comparing the health status of apiculturists (beekeepers) and vegetable farmers in plain areas of Hubei Province, and analyzing the influence of dietary structure and intake on their nutritional level, this paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for the further development of health education and disease prevention for beekeepers. Methods From February to April 2016, 191/236 beekeepers (80.9% of the total beekeepers) with large-scale breeding (300-500 colonies) and 182 vegetable farmers in the same area were sampled by the cluster sampling method. Their nutrient composition was analyzed using a human body composition analyzer, dietary structure information was collected using the dietary frequency query method, and cognitive function was investigated. In addition, blood samples of both groups were collected. Results A total of 362 valid questionnaires (beekeepers/vegetable farmers: 185/177) were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.1% (362/373). Both beekeepers and vegetable farmers were overweight, and the beekeepers’ grip strength was much stronger than that of the vegetable farmers’ regardless of gender. The dietary structure of beekeepers is very unique: 29.7% (55/185) of beekeepers indicated consuming royal jelly regularly for more than 10 years. Their main foods are grain, cereals, and fresh vegetables; 68.1% (126/185) of the beekeepers never drank milk and other dairy products, and their overall nutrient intake is unbalanced. The average intake of cellulose in this group was also significantly higher than that in the epidemiological survey in the same sex and age group. The intake of vitamin A and selenium in the beekeepers group was significantly higher than that in the vegetable-farmers group (all P<.001). The blood indices of creatinine (P=.03) and blood copper (P<.001) in the beekeepers group were significantly higher than those in the vegetable-farmers group, and the total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, folic acid, and vitamin B12 in the beekeepers group were significantly lower than those in the vegetable-farmers group (P<.03 for potassium and P<.001 for others). The total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of the beekeepers group was 28.1, significantly higher (P=.006) than that of the vegetable-farmers group (23.3). Conclusions The beekeepers in this area have their special dietary structure, body nutrient level, and disease characteristics. The cognitive level of the beekeepers who regularly consume royal jelly is significantly higher than that of their peers. The chronic diseases of this special occupational group are closely related to their lifestyle and nutritional status, so more attention and in-depth studies are needed to improve the quality of life of this population.
As we know, injecting malicious codes is a simple and effective way to add attack logic with the same privileges as the injection targets. Because of OS kernel vulnerabilities, the kernels face code injection threats. Considering the importance of kernels, researchers proposed some kernel code protection solutions. But almost all of them depend on an assumption that the kernels don't modify the codes of themselves. However, the self-modifying codes do exist widely in the kernels. It impedes the application of these solution to the real world. Moreover, the rest of solutions don't provide specific technologies to deal with the problem. So we propose the self-modifying kernel code verification technology to distinguish malicious kernel code modification from valid kernel code self-modifications. Our technology promotes the suitability of existing kernel code protection solutions so that we enhance the kernel security in the real environment indirectly.
Objective: To investigate the effect of macronutrient preload treatment, MPT, on glycemic control and pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM. Study Design: 40 patients with GDM were randomized to either MPT in addition to health education and dietary guidance (n=25) or health education and dietary guidance only (n=15). MPT was given three times/day, 30 minutes before regular meals and continued until term. Participants were subjected physical examination, laboratory analysis and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The time until the participant reached stable euglycemia was shorter in the preload group compared to controls (P<0.05), in patients ≥30 years old (1.3±0.55 versus 2.5±1.1 weeks, P<0.05), in pre-gestational BMI<24 kg/m 2 (1.3±0.58 versus 1.9±0.69 weeks, P<0.05) and in pre-gestational BMI≥24 kg/m 2 (1.2±0.44 versus 2.6±1.32 weeks, P<0.05). The birth weight in the subgroup of BMI>24 kg/m 2 was lower in the MTP group compared to the control group (3124±523g versus 3780.0±472g, P<0.05). Increase of HbA1c ≥5% was significantly lower after preload treatment. Conclusion; MPT can safely be used in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus for effective control of blood glucose. The significant reduction of birth weight in participants with pre-gestational BMI ≥24kg/m 2 indicates that preload can be used to control negative effects of hyperglycemia, with reduced risk for complications during delivery.
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