Introduction. To reveal the mechanisms by which luteolin, the major bioactive component of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Polygonum cuspidatum, inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE2 cells. Methods. Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), bioactive compounds of P. cuspidatum, potential target genes and NPC disease targets of TCMSP were screened, relationship networks were constructed using these potential targets of NPC, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. The predicted compounds, targets and pathways were corroborated using in vitro experiments, such as MTT, Cytation™ 5 real-time cell monitoring, cell cycle detection, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential ( Δ Ψ m ) detection. Results. The results showed that 10 bioactive compounds (OB ≥30% and DL ≥0.18), 157 potential target genes from P. cuspidatum, and 56 common targets related to NPC were found. These included important bioactive compounds such as luteolin, quercetin, and beta-sitosterol. Key common targets included EGFR, MYC, AKT1, CASP3, CCND1, ERBB2, and common targets were enriched for the PI3K-AKT, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways. The binding energy of luteolin for six common targets was less than -5.0 kcal·mol-1. After luteolin (20 μM, and 40 μM) treatment to CNE2 cells for 36 h, cell survival rates decreased, accompanied by cell morphology changes, inhibition of the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and an induction of apoptosis. The expression of the cell proliferation related protein PCNA, the antiapoptosis protein XIAP, and the PI3K-AKT pathway diagram related proteins p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, AKT, and PI3K, all decreased. Conclusion. Luteolin derived from P. cuspidatum inhibited the proliferation of NPC CNE2 cells and promoted cell apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT signal pathway.
Background: With the evolving specialization of modern medicine, family medicine (FM), also known as general practice, is relatively late in being recognized as a formal specialty in most countries of the world. Because many non-FM specialists were recruited into the new specialty in the early stages of FM specialization, the contents of FM specialty journals might, to an extent, reflect the development of the FM specialization. Methods: In this study, the voluminous journal, Chinese General Practice , which is regarded as the most representative specialty journal, was chosen and analyzed to illustrate the current situation of FM in China. A total of 878 articles, relating to the journal, Chinese General Practice in 2018, were retrieved from the publisher's web site and the original articles were categorized into FM- and non-FM- related articles by 3 board-certified FM doctors. Furthermore, the first authors, as well as the institutions and regions where the first authors worked, and their related specialties, were also analyzed. Results: Of the 634 original articles, 252 (39.7%) articles were FM related. Only 41 FM-related articles were written by authors working at FM departments: 3 at community health service centers, 29 at hospitals, and 9 at universities. Of the 382 non-FM related articles, 159 articles dealt with the topic of internal medicine, followed by traditional Chinese medicine (36), obstetrics and gynecology (28), neurology (27), pediatrics (27), and surgery (21). Conclusion: In conclusion, FM publications in China in the study year, as exemplified by Chinese General Practice, were mostly contributed by non-FM authors dealing with non-FM topics. A transition to more FM-oriented development might be anticipated in the near future.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations –citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.