The golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is one of the most economically valuable marine fishes in South China. Streptococcus agalactiae, an infectious Gram-positive bacterium that is highly destructive for golden pompano culture, has recently caused massive losses to the golden pompano industry. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic immune response of golden pompano to S. agalactiae infection, using RNA-seq analysis at two different time points after infection. Abundances of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) gradually increased in the liver and spleen 48–120 h post-infection, whereas those in the head kidney were lower at 120 h than at 48 h. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that genes related to the complement system were continuously transcribed between 48 and 120 h. Metabolic and immune-regulation-related pathways were highly enriched in the liver 48 h after infection. Transcriptome analysis was verified using quantitative PCR for eight genes with similar expression trends. This study revealed the inflammatory response of golden pompano after S. agalactiae infection, including inflammation-related chemokines and signaling pathways. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for studying S. agalactiae resistance in golden pompano and provide a reliable resource for the genetic breeding of fish.
To explore the external morphological differences of golden pompano in different geographical populations, eight quantitative traits of 210 samples from seven golden pompano populations were measured. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and One-way ANOVA, were used to compare morphological differences among the populations. Principal component analysis extracted the top five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.79%, of which the first three principal components could explain seven morphological features. The principal component scatter plot showed that the NH, CH, and LL populations had similar morphology. Using the stepwise discriminant method to establish the classification and discrimination functions of the seven populations, the discrimination accuracy of the DL population was 93.3% for P1 and 87.5% for P2, which was the highest, and the comprehensive discrimination rate was 71.4%. The clustering relationship diagram showed that the populations were divided into three branches, and the CH and NH populations were closest. In contrast, the DL and HF populations were farthest from the other populations. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (P<0.05) among all traits of the populations, and the morphological differences between the HX and DL populations were the largest. The results of this study showed specific differences in the external morphology of golden pompano among different populations.
Species markers can be quickly and accurately assessed using DNA barcoding. We investigated samples from the parrotfish family Scaridae using DNA barcoding in Hainan. A total of 401 DNA barcodes were analyzed, including 51 new barcodes generated from fresh material, based on a 533 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I) gene. There were 350 CO I barcode clusters that matched 43 species from the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank databases. The results showed the following average nucleotide compositions for the complete dataset: adenine (A, 22.7%), thymine (T, 29.5%), cytosine (C, 29.5%), and guanine (G, 18.2%). The mean genetic distance between confamilial species was nearly 53-fold greater than that between individuals within the species. In the neighbor-joining tree of CO I sequences, Chlorurus sordidus and C. spilurus clustered together, and all other individuals clustered by species. Our results indicated that DNA barcoding could be used as an effective molecular tool for monitoring, protecting, and managing fisheries, and for elucidating taxonomic problem areas that require further investigation.
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