Little is known about the mechanism of gene expression changes in skeletal muscle during starvation. This study investigated the influence of starvation on gene expression of troponin complex (TnC, TnI and TnT), tropomyosin (Tpm), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated proteins (BiP, calreticulin, PDI, and ATF6) in three kinds of skeletal muscles of Gryllus bimaculatus. Dorsal ventral flight muscle (DVM), dorsal longitudinal, and dorsal wing flight muscles (DWM) were identified as typical skeletal muscles by H&E staining. Obvious gene expression was detected in the DVM, but not in the DLM or DWM. In addition to gene expression in DVM, gene expression of decorin, a type of myokine, was also significantly increased by starvation. This is the first study that reports the effect of starvation on expression of troponin complex genes and ER stress associated genes in three types of skeletal muscles.
In this study, we show that INS-1 pancreatic β-cells treated for 2 h with hemolymph of larvae of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, secreted about twice as much insulin compared to control cells without such treatment. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was the highest upregulated gene in DNA chip analysis. The A. dichotoma hemolymph dose-dependently induced increased expression levels of genes encoding ATF3 and insulin. Conversely, treatment with ATF3 siRNA inhibited expression levels of both genes and curbed insulin secretion. These results suggest that the A. dichotoma hemolymph has potential for treating and preventing diabetes or diabetes-related complications.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of various hypothermic conditions (32℃), including lithium chloride treatment, on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in PC12 cells. The results show that short-term hypothermic treatment (<1 day) resulted in relatively higher IGF-1 gene expression than did longer-term treatment (>1 day). Repeated switching between normal temperature and hypothermia every 2 h increased IGF-1 gene expression approximately 3-4-fold. These findings indicate that hypothermia dynamically regulates IGF-1 gene expression. This study could be helpful for the development of treatment and diagnostic strategies for ischemia.
We have screened four natural products against 640 single compounds, which shows more two folds gene expression for both endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and FOXO-family transcription factor (FOXO1). The results were as follows. (±)-Car-3-ene-2,5-dione from Asarum sieboldii Miq. is C10H12O2 molecular formula and the 164 kDa molecular weight. Cinobufagin from Bufonis Venennum is C26H34O6 molecular formula and 442 kDa molecular weight. So far reported main biological function is Na + /K + -ATPase inhibition. Corilagin from Euphorbia pekinensis is C27H22O18 molecular formula and 634 kDa molecular weight. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition is well known its biological function. Corydaline from Corydalis turtschaninovii is C22H27NO4 molecular formula and 369 kDa molecular weight. The main biological function is acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In the short future, four types of natural products will be used in longevity experiments with insects. The results may give one of the clues for studying new drug development candidates of the longevity.
The effects of hypothermic treatment (32℃) on recovery from ischemia are controversial because the precise mechanisms of hypothermia remain unclear. We demonstrated previously that hypothermia induces beta-catenin-interacting protein 1 (CTNNBIP1) gene expression in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various hypothermic conditions, including lithium chloride treatment, on CTNNBIP1 gene expression. The results show that short-term hypothermic treatment resulted in relatively higher CTNNBIP1 gene expression than that of a longer treatment. These findings indicate that hypothermia controls CTNNBIP1 gene expression, which may provide clues to develop treatments to recover from and diagnose ischemia.
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