A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Ilpumbyeo (a Japonica of high eating quality) and Moroberekan (a tropical Japonica type of low eating quality) was used for mapping QTLs associated with grain physicochemical properties and eating quality traits in rice. A total of 182 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated for two physicochemical traits, alkali digestive value and amylose content, and five traits associated with eating quality including glossiness of cooked rice determined by Toyo-taste meter, and glossiness, stickiness, hardness and overall evaluation for taste evaluation by panels. A total of 30 QTLs associated with seven traits in 10 loci on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, and 12 were identified. The most critical regions for eating quality were on chromosomes 3, 5 and 6 by Ilpumbyeo alleles, whereas Moroberekan contributed a total of 6 loci on chromosomes 1, 10 and 12. The QTL region on chromosome 5 contains the novel alleles for eating quality from Ilpumbyeo. MAS using DNA markers tightly linked with those QTLs will be useful for breeding Japonica cultivars with high eating quality.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the contractile properties of thigh muscles in bodybuilders through tensiomyography (TMG). Our hypothesis is that maximal displacement (Dm) in bodybuilders would be lower than in controls because Dm is increased when the muscle is stiffed or hypertrophied. Nine bodybuilder athletes and 15 university students were assessed by TMG. The biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) were evaluated. The TMG parameters obtained for each muscle were Dm, contraction time (Tc). And we calculated contraction velocity (Vc) as the rate of the radial displacement occurring during the time period of Tc with respect to Tc. Dm values of all muscles in bodybuilders were significantly higher compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in Tc values of most muscles except right BF and ST muscles. Vc values of VM, RF, and ST muscles were lower in bodybuilders than in the control group. This is the first report about TMG assessment of muscle hypertrophy. We found that Dm was most effective in detecting muscle hypertrophy and muscle stiffness secondary to muscle hypertrophy could induce decrease in Dm and Vc.
Recently, NAND flash memory is becoming into the spotlight as a next-generation storage device because of its small size, fast speed, low power consumption, and etc. compared to the hard disk. However, due to the distinct characteristics such as erase-before-write architecture, asymmetric operation speed and unit, disk-based systems and applications may result in severe performance degradation when directly implementing them on NAND flash memory. Especially when a B-tree is implemented on NAND flash memory, intensive overwrite operations may be caused by record inserting, deleting, and reorganizing. These may result in severe performance degradation. Although μ -tree has been proposed in order to overcome this problem, it suffers from frequent node split and rapid increment of its height.In this paper, we propose Log-Structured B-Tree(LSB-Tree) where the corresponding log node to a leaf node is allocated for update operation and then the modified data in the log node is stored at only one write operation. LSB-tree reduces additional write operations by deferring the change of parent nodes. Also, it reduces the write operation by switching a log node to a new leaf node when inserting the data sequentially by the key order. Finally, we show that LSB-tree yields a better performance on NAND flash memory by comparing it to μ-tree through various experiments.
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