Background: This study compared functional and structural visual changes in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients with healthy controls (HC) and correlated these changes with neurological disability. Methods: Eight FRDA Spanish patients and eight HC were selected from 2014 to 2018. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field (VF), optic coherence tomography (OCT), and neurological disability measured by “scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia” (SARA) were taken in a basal exploration and repeated after 6 months. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed. Results: FRDA baseline and follow-up patients showed statistically significant decreases in BCVA, VF, and OCT parameters compared with the HC. Some of the VF measurements and most of the OCT parameters had an inverse mild-to-strong correlation with SARA. Moreover, the analysis of the ROC curve demonstrated that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) average thickness was the best parameter to discriminate between FRDA patients and HC. Conclusions: The follow-up study showed a progression in OCT parameters. Findings showed a sequential effect in pRNFL, ganglion cell complex (GCC), and macula. The VF and the OCT could be useful biomarkers in FRDA, both for their correlation with neurological disease as well as for their ability to evaluate disease progression.

Yellow Fever Vaccine is contraindicated in egg-allergic people. However, under certain circumstances, its administration may be possible and advisable. We present two clinical cases of egg allergic children who were vaccinated against yellow fever following a short staggered administration protocol of the vaccine at a specialized hospital Unit. We explain the vaccination protocol applied in the Allergy Unit of Rio-Hortega University Hospital, Spain, with the coordination of The International Vaccination Centre.

Background/aims To determine the structurefunction relationship between equivalent visual field areas obtained with the Octopus perimeter (OP), and the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy individuals and patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods Eighty-eight normal subjects and 150 patients with open-angle glaucoma were prospectively recruited. Eligible participants for the glaucoma group were required to have elevated intraocular pressure and glaucomatous optic nerve head morphology. All participants underwent reliable automated perimetry with OP, and optic nerve head imaging with the Cirrus OCT. Principal component analysis of the mean threshold values for the visual field test points were performed independently for each hemifield. Pearson correlations were calculated between visual field regions and RNFL thickness sectors. Results Mild to moderate correlations were observed between the visual field regions and the peripapillary RNFL thicknesses. Each visual field region was significantly correlated with more than one RNFL sector, and vice versa. The strongest correlation was observed between the RNFL thickness at 5 and 7 clock-hour positions and the superonasal region of OP (r=0.63). Conclusions Retinal sensitivity evaluated with OP correlated moderately well with the RNFL thickness measured by OCT. There was an overlap of the visual field regions within the optic disc.

Purpose To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), Octopus perimetry, and Cirrus OCT for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods Eighty-eight healthy individuals and 150 open-angle glaucoma patients were consecutive and prospectively selected. Eligibility criteria for the glaucoma group were intraocular pressure ≥ 21 mm Hg and glaucomatous optic nerve head morphology. All subjects underwent a reliable standard automated perimetry with the HFA and Octopus perimeter, and were imaged with the Cirrus OCT. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the threshold values and main indices of the HFA and Octopus, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses, and the optic nerve head parameters. Sensitivities at 85 and 95% fixedspecificities were also calculated. The best areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were compared using the DeLong method. Results In the glaucoma group, mean deviation (MD) was − 5.42 ± 4.6 dB for HFA and 3.90 ± 3.6 dB for Octopus. The MD of the HFA (0.966; Po0.001), mean sensitivity of the Octopus (0.941; Po0.001), and average cup-todisc (C/D) ratio measured by the Cirrus OCT (0.958; Po0.001) had the largest AUCs for each test studied. There were no significant differences among them. Sensitivities at 95% fixed-specificity were 82% for pattern standard deviation of the HFA, 81.3% for average C/D ratio of OCT, and 80% for the MD of the Octopus. Conclusions HFA, Octopus, and Cirrus OCT demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracies for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Visual field and OCT provide supplementary information and thus these tests are not interchangeable.

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