Background: Quality of the prescriptions generated from OPD of Agartala Government Medical College and Govinda Ballabh Pant Hospital is never assessed. The study objectives were to find out the quality in terms of legibility, completeness and adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators of the prescriptions generated from OPD of this hospital.Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted during 11th to 16th December 2017 among 442 prescriptions picked up from 12 OPDs by multi stage sampling technique and examined using a checklist designed to assess adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators, legibility and completeness. Data entry and analysis were performed with computer using SPSS 15.0. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to present data.Results: Total 1169 items were prescribed in 442 prescriptions. Only 50.90% prescriptions were legible. Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.64, 223 (19.07%) were generic drugs, 14 (1.19%) were injections, 176 (15.05%) were antibiotics and 618 (52.86%) items were from the national essential drug list. History was written in 62.70%, findings were written in 52.70%, diagnosis was written in 40.00%, 87.80% prescriptions contained no review instructions, 84.60% contained complete directions to the pharmacist, 87.10% did not contain complete direction to the patients and signature section was incomplete in 99.80% of the prescriptions. Significantly higher proportions of the high ranked prescribers wrote generic items, review instructions and complete directions to the patients in their prescriptions (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Most of the prescriptions generated from OPD of Agartala Government Medical College and Govinda Ballabh Pant Hospital were found to be incomplete, about half of them were illegible and sizeable proportions did not adhere to the WHO core prescribing indicators.
Background: In India 66% of blindness among individuals aged 50 yrs and above is attributable to cataract. Cataract has multiple etiologies and many of them are modifiable. But data regarding burden and correlates of cataract among OPD attendees in Northeast India are insufficient. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of cataract among the attendees of ophthalmology OPD of a teaching hospital of Northeast India and to study the factors associated with it. Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted during 7 th February to 6 th March 2020, using a pre-tested structured interview schedule, among 330 adults attending ophthalmology OPD of Agartala Government Medical College, chosen by consecutive sampling. Result: Proportion of cataract among the attendees was 36.7% and it was 51.5% among the subjects aged ≥50 years. Age, family type, literacy, diabetes mellitus and hypertension had significant associations with cataract ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression model has identified age ≥ 50 yrs (OR: 5.57, 95% CI: 2.98-10.43) and illiteracy (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.55-4.59) as the significant predictors for developing cataract ( P < 0.05) in the study population. Conclusion: Proportion of cataract among OPD attendees is 36.7%, which is higher than the community prevalence of cataract in Tripura. Promoting literacy, reducing family size, blood sugar and blood pressure may bring down the proportion of cataract in this population.
Background: Viswanathan Mohan and his team have developed “Indian Diabetes Risk Score” (IDRS) for identifying the Indians at risk for developing diabetes and prediabetes. Due to heterogeneity of Indian population, this risk score needs further validation in different parts across the country. Objectives: The objective is to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of IDRS for screening prediabetes in West Tripura District. Methodology: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in West Tripura district during January 1, 2018–December 31, 2019 among 325 self-declared nondiabetic individuals, selected by multistage sampling. Fasting blood sugar value was used as the gold standard to validate IDRS. Data were collected using a validated and pretested interview schedule. Data entry and analysis were performed in computer using SPSS-24. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to validate IDRS. Results: Among the study individuals, 19% and 6.5% were identified as prediabetic and diabetics, respectively. Optimum sensitivity of 83.13% and specificity of 82.64%, with positive and negative predictive values 62.16% and 93.45%, respectively, were observed at an IDRS score of ≥60 for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in this study population. IDRS showed good accuracy with an area under ROC curve of 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.77–0.88). Conclusion: IDRS is found to be a valid tool for screening prediabetes at community level in West Tripura district of India.
Background: Spectrum of COVID-19 disease ranges from asymptomatic or mild symptomatic to life threatening cases. Population based sero-epidemiological studies are useful for assessing the magnitude of COVID-19 infection in a geographic area and it is helpful for planning control measures. Objectives: To estimate the sero-prevalence of SARS CoV-2 antibody in the general population of Tripura and to study the factors associated with it. Methodology: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15th October to 14th November 2020 among 4800 subjects selected from the whole state of Tripura, India by probability proportionate to size sampling technique using 30 clusters. Electrochemiluminescence (eCLIA) based assay was used to test the serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody. Data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS-25 for windows and sero-prevalence was expressed in percentages. Binary logistic regression model was used for predicting sero-positivity by including the significant factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as found out by univariate analysis. Result: Sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was found to be 34% among the general population of Tripura and it varied from 42.4% to 19.7% across different districts. Logistic regression model has identified, urban residency (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.42), ethnic community (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.48-0.64) and literacy (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.13-1.77) as the independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity (p<0.05). Conclusion: Approximately one out of three residents of Tripura has already acquired the novel SARS CoV-2 infection. As the threshold required for achieving herd immunity against COVID-19 is not yet known, control measures need to be continued for preventing further spread of disease in the community.
A BSTRACT Background: Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes are common and not life threatening, but these are an important cause of morbidity, pain and disability among diabetic patients. In 2004, the National Health Interview Survey determined that 58% of diabetic patients would have musculoskeletal functional disability. This study was designed to estimate the proportion of musculoskeletal manifestations among Type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Tripura and also to determine the association of various musculoskeletal manifestations with glycaemic status, body mass index and duration of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in a northeastern state of India from December 2020 to November 2021. All the diabetic patients attending diabetes nutrition clinic of a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year were considered for this study. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorder was made based on history, physical examination, laboratory test and imaging test. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Descriptive data was expressed in percentages and frequencies using charts and tables. Chi-square test was applied to explore any association between variables. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: Out of four hundred and forty-two diabetic cases and two hundred and thirty-four (52.9%) patients were found with musculoskeletal manifestations, 55% of which belong to 45–59 age group. Conclusion: Physicians treating diabetic patients should be encouraged for regular examination for musculoskeletal complaints. Early diagnosis will facilitate appropriate treatment and thus prevents further complications.
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