Pre‐treatment diagnosis of neuroblastic tumours is important, as they are known to undergo maturation following chemotherapy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in making pre‐operative diagnosis and categorisation of these tumours. Here we present two cases, one of ganglioneuroblastoma and the other of ganglioneuroma, diagnosed on FNAC.
A 55-year-old lady came with recurrent syncope due to complete heart block. A temporary pacing lead could not be advanced via the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the right atrium. A venogram demonstrated that the IVC had no connection to the right atrium. The temporary lead could then be advanced through the azygos and superior caval vein to the right atrium and ventricle. The patient had no congenital heart disease or visceral heterotaxy.
What size plate do you want? Semiconducting and plasmonic copper phosphide platelets with sizes tunable from the nanometer to the micrometer scale have been developed, and their photoresponse and photovoltaic activity studied. The size control was achieved by controlling the nucleation density of materials in the reaction system.
Graft-appendiceal fistula is a rare variation of aorto-enteric fistula. We report on the presentation and management of a 70-year-old lady who presented ten years after an aortobifemoral graft with a discharging sinus in her right groin. Investigations suggested aortic graft infection and she was taken to theatre for a laparotomy. An inflamed appendix with a necrotic tip was found in contact with the aortic graft. The infected graft was excised and an appendicectomy was performed. The distal organs were revascularised with an axillobifemoral graft. We review similar case reports.
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