One of the critical problems for ships utilization is the limited operative life which affect its efficiency. Therefore, ship owners tend to send these ships for recycling. On the one hand, ship recycling industry can absorb labour and become a source of state revenue. Nevertheless, these activities significantly affect the preservation of the marine environment if not appropriately managed. Marine waste pollution is an essential issue in global context. Regrettably, as a country with a massive shipping intensity and geographically a strategic location, Indonesia does not have a comprehensive national policy regarding recycling ships weighing for 500 GT or more. The government allows conventional ship recycling methods that are not environmentally friendly and sustainably, which contradicts Indonesia's commitment to supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, Indonesia is vulnerable to claims regarding poor pollution management due to ship dismantling activities. The claim could be addressed to the state’s responsibility, which refered to international instruments such as conventions and guidelines in terms of preventing pollution to neighboring countries originating from ship breaking and dismantling activities that lack regulation and measures. This article argues the urgency to reform the current national ship recycling regime in the future to apply a greener method by alluding to international general principles, customary and jurisprudence.
The crime of children’s data in the digital world is one of the causes of the rampant crime of bullying, fraud, theft, sexual harassment, exploitation and abduction which leads to the trafficking of people who make children victims. The method used in this paper is a juridical-normative comparative legal research method. The result shows that the Convention on the Rights of Child Convention 1989 (CORC) does not regulate the personal data in the digital world comprehensively. So far, countries in the world, including Indonesia, have only relied on the international legal framework. It is recommended, including international guidelines issued by several international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the International Telecommunication Union regarding the guidelines for parents and children in 2016. Indonesia already has a set of legal rules that are used as a basis for protecting children’s rights in the digital world. Based on these rules, the protection of children’s data in the digital world is included in the private and criminal domain. These Legal Frameworks show that the government is passive in protecting children’s data in the digital world because the responsibility of child safety and security when online is still focused on the parents or guardians of the child.
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