Introduction/Aim. Previous investigations suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have ability to degrade extracellular matrix components and play important role in malignant tumour progression and metastasis. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression in tissue of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods. The samples of tumour tissue of seventy (n=70) patients with LSCC, 45 glottic and 25 supraglottic, and samples of laryngeal mucosa of 70 chronic laryngitis patients were immunohistochemically stained for MMP-2 and MMP-9. We studied the relationships between MMPs tissue expression and clinical and histological characteristics of LSCC in comparison to patients with chronic laryngitis. Results. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in tissue of both glottic and supraglottic SCC than in chronically inflamed laryngeal mucosa (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). There were positive correlations between epithelial MMP-2 expression and the presence of perineural invasion (r=0.515, p=0.008), lymphovascular invasion (r=0.559, p=0.004) and disease recurrence (r=0.415, p=0.039) in supraglottic SCC, as well as between MMP-2 expression and the presence of exophytic type of tumour growth (r=0.347, p=0.020) in glottic SCC. Epithelial MMP-9 expression is associated with lymphovascular invasion (r=0.331, p=0.026) and the presence of exophytic tumour growth (r=0.474, p=0.001) in glottic SCC. Conclusion. MMP-2 and MMP-9 can be used as potential biomarkers for assessment of LSCC progression.
Differentiate metastatic melanoma from rare primary ovarian malignant melanoma, in some of cases may be a histopathological diagnostic problem. Histopathological diagnosis of primary ovarian malignant melanoma should be confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses and detailed clinical search for an occult primary tumor.
Genomic integration of high-risk human papilloma virus in the nucleus of cervical epithelial mucosal cells leads to epithelial dysplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of correlation between epithelial survivin expression and the degree of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical epithelial dysplasia, and to establish the significance of morphometric analysis of the nuclear area in the assessment of the degree of cervical dysplasia. This retrospective study included 99 women with primary, previously untreated lesions, and colposcopic findings indicating dysplasia, in whom a cytological test by Papanicolaou method was interpreted according to the Bethesda criteria as lowgrade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). We performed human papilloma virus (HPV) typing by PCR for evidence of viruse types 16, 18, 31, 33. After biopsy of the cervical mucosa, we performed hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of tissue samples. The control group consisted of 12 women without dysplasia and without a verified infection of cervical high-risk HPV. A high statistical correlation between the degree of dysplasia and expression of survivin was found in patients with different types of cervical dysplasia (p = 0.003). We observed a high statistical difference between the area of nuclei at different degrees of cervical dysplasias (p = 0.000). The high-grade cervical dysplasia had a more than 2-fold higher level of ranking in comparison to low-grade dysplasia, and a more than 10-fold higher ranking than the control group without cervical dysplasia.
UVODGljivice su ubikvitarni mikroorganizmi. Prisutne su u zemljištu, vazduhu, kao i u materijalima organskog porekla koji su u fazi raspadanja. Koncentracije gljivičnih spora u vazduhu zavise od mesta, klime i godišnjeg doba. Gljivice mogu prouzrokovati zapaljenja gornjih i donjih disajnih puteva. Kolonizacija i infekcija sluzokože paranazalnih sinusa mogu nastati na dva načina: aerogenim putem (inhalacijom spora), kao i dentogenim putem (1). Poslednjih decenija uočen je porast incidence i prevalence gljivičnih rinosinuzitisa. Napredak endoskopske tehnologije i radioloških dijagnostičkih procedura, pre svega kompjuterizovane tomografije, pomogao je da se pojam gljivičnih rinosinuzitisa bolje definiše.Hronični gljivični rinosinuzitis je hronično zapaljensko oboljenje koje se sreće kod 14% odrasle populacije (1). Fungalni rinosinuzitis je nađen kod oko 10% pacijenata koji su hirurški lečeni od hroničnog zapaljenja sluzokože nosa i/ili paranazalnih sinusa (2). Takođe, između 13,5% i 28,5% svih zapaljenja maksilarnog sinusa izazvano je gljivičnim ili kombinovanim bakterijskim i gljivičnim infekcijama (2).
Background/Aim. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of precancerous dysplastic squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The virus oncoproteins affect several proteins included in cell proliferation. The aims of this study were the evaluate application of immunohistochemical markers related with proteins of cell cycle and also application of nuclear morphometric analysis for assessment of cervical dysplasia. Methods. Retrospective study included 78 women with detected of presence of high-risk HPV by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with histopathology diagnosis Low-grade SIL or High-grade SIL. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p63, Cyclin D1 and morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area were performed. The control group consisted of ten women without SIL and without HPV infection. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results: Comparing immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p63, highly significant statistical differences (p<0,001) were established among control, LSIL and HSIL groups, while Cyclin D1 showed significant statistical difference (p<0,05). Great variations were observed in nuclear morphology and nuclear surface area had highly statistically significant differences (p<0,001) among control, LSIL and HSIL groups. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that immunohistochemical analysis p16, p63 and Cyclin D1 are important analysis for diagnosis of dysplastic changes in cervical epithelium.Also morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area study demonstrated a big impotance for diagnosis of cervical dysplasia.
Background/Aim. The iliopsoas muscle originates from the Greek word ?psoa? meaning ?loin? and represents the only muscle in body that has anatomical preconditions for stability and movement of the trunk, pelvic and legs at the same time. The iliopsoas belongs to the inner thigh muscle group and forms part of the posterior abdominal wall. This muscle is the major flexor of the hip joint, and he is functionally essential for proper posture, walking, running and other physical activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the anatomical parameters of the pelvis and femoral nerve, as well as the relationship of the same pelvic parameters and psoas major muscle. Methods. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. Our research was conducted on the cadaveric material on the Institute of Anatomy ?Niko Miljanic?, using 14 cadavers, of which they were 7. cadavers male and 7. cadavers female, aged 67-79 years. The measuring instruments used in this study were a ruler and an electronic digital caliper (measuring range 0-500 mm, 0.01 mm resolution). Statistical data processing was performed in SPSS 11.0 using Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Results of this study indicate that there is a significant statistical difference in pelvic width between male and female cadavers, which is observed in the reduction of the bituberal line in females, while the parameters of the bispinal line does not make significant difference between the two sexes. The decrease of the bituberal line in females was followed by an increase in the width of the proximal origin with a statistically significant decrease in the length of the proximal origin.of the psoas major muscle. Also the vertically distance of femoral nerve from the exit point of the muscle to the bispinal line was significantly reduced in the male group. Conclusion. Based on our results, we can assume that in most cases, due to the smaller bituberal and bispinal line, or narrower pelvis, a shorter proximal attachment of the psoas major muscle will occur with greater width (L2-L5 level) in female than in the male gender, resulting with a longer vertically distance of the femoral nerve. Such results indicate that there is a close correlation between the anatomical parameters of the psoas major muscle, wich may affect the distance of the femoral nerve exit from the muscle.
Introduction: Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is benign tumour of the nerve sheath originating from the Schwann cells. Localization in abdominal wall is rare. Schwannomas are usually manifested as slow-growing tumour and can exist for months to years without producing symptoms. Symptomatology depends of location, involved nerve and the size of the tumour. Case report: We present a 43-year-old female patient with Schwannoma localized in the right hypochondriac region. Diagnostic procedures included high-resolution ultra sound with color Doppler (US), patohistological examination (PH) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR). High-resolution ultra sound showed the solid mass, well circumscribed, with a whorled, echogenic internal architecture in the anterior abdominal wall. MR imaging revealed oval, well-circumscribed, heterogeneous, fusiform 3 x 2.5 x 2.5 centimeters large mass. T1-weighted imaging presented low signal intensity and heterogeneously high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. The lesion was completely surgicaly removed. After histopathological examination with immunobiochemistry, the diagnose of Schwannoma was confirmed. Conclusion: Schwannoma as slow-growing tumours and of without clinical manifestation may cause a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical presentation of Schwanoma is indolent and non-specific. Diagnosis of this tumor requires multidisciplinaire approach. MR is a useful method for verification peripheral nerve sheath tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. Histopathology analysis confirmed definitive diagnose of observed lesion.
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