The effects of Baby-Friendly status on breastfeeding duration in the United States have not been published. The objectives of this study were to obtain breastfeeding rates at 6 months among babies born in a US Baby-Friendly hospital and to assess factors associated with continued breastfeeding at 6 months. The authors randomly selected 350 medical records of infants born in 2003 at Baby-Friendly Boston Medical Center. Of 336 eligible infants, 248 (74%) attended the 6-month well-child visit and 37.1% (92/248) were breastfeeding at 6 months. In multivariate logistic regression, the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6 months was decreased by presence of a feeding problem in the hospital (AOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.07-0.99), whereas the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6 months increased with maternal age (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00-1.10) and for mothers born in Africa (AOR 4.29; 95% CI 1.36-13.5) or of unrecorded birthplace (AOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.38-7.85). Breastfeeding duration is traditionally poor in low-income, black populations in the United States. Among a predominantly low-income and black population giving birth at a US Baby-Friendly hospital, breastfeeding rates at 6 months were comparable to the overall US population.
The striatum is significantly important in the formation of habitual behaviors as well as reward association. Elicited reward behavior from methamphetamine (METH) is mediated by the striatum. Two distinct striatal sub regions, the patch and matrix, have been shown by previous studies to have key role in the regulation of addiction behavior. The patch compartment, in contrast with the matrix, expresses a high density of mu opioid receptors and receives inputs from limbic regions of the brain. Patch compartment neurons have been shown to contribute to habitual behaviors and it has been hypothesized that these neurons also contribute to reward, although this has yet to be demonstrated. The basis of this experiment was to investigate the role of the patch compartment neurons in METH‐induced reward behavior. This goal was attained by determining if the ablation of the mu opioid receptor‐containing neurons of the patch compartment would alter METH‐mediated condition place reference (CPP), which is an indicator of drug reward, by using Dermorphin‐Saporin (Derm‐Sap) which is a neurotoxin used to accurately target and eliminate mu opiate receptor‐containing neurons. Male and female rats in this study were bilaterally infused in striatum either with Derm‐Sap, or unconjugated Saporin, which was used as a control. After eight days of recovery, subjects were exposed to the CPP paradigm receiving either a moderate dose of METH (2 mg/kg) or saline. After eight days of conditioning, a preference test was conducted on each animal to determine the degree of preference for the drug‐paired chamber. It was found that METH‐mediated CPP was reduced in patch‐lesioned female rats, as compared to control animals, while METH‐mediated CPP was increased in male rats with Derm‐Sap lesions as compared to controls. These results allow us to conclude that patch compartment neurons are necessary for METH‐induced reward behaviors in females, but not males.Support or Funding InformationNavicent Health Foundation Research Award to AHThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.