The PCIC-model is the first patient-centred care (PCC) model based on the patients' perspective to be validated in an international setting. Although health-care organization and performance differ, the similarities between countries in the infertile patients' perspective were striking, as were the similarities with PCC models from other clinical conditions. A non-condition specific international PCC model and a European instrument for the patient centredness of infertility care could be developed. European professionals can learn from each other on how to provide PCC.

Child malnutrition is the leading public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in poor health and economic losses. Ethiopia has one of the highest child undernutrition rates in the world that occurs to multifaceted factors, including food insecurity. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for child undernutrition in largely food insecure areas of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 354 mother–child pairs from the Siraro district. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Variables with a P-value of <0⋅05 in multivariate analysis were used to detect statistical significance at a 95 % confidence level. About 67 % of households are food insecure. The prevalence of stunting wasting and underweight were 42⋅7, 9⋅9 and 27⋅7 %, respectively. Female gender, higher age of the child (12–23 months v. 6–11 months), living in a household with five or more siblings, not getting therapeutic zinc supplement at least once, inadequate diet diversity, lack of growth monitoring service, and maternal own income increases the likelihood of child undernutrition. It can be concluded that child undernutrition is a severe public health problem in the study area. Improving primary healthcare services related to zinc supplementation, growth monitoring and promotion, and improving infant and child feeding practices can be considered as a strategy to address the problem.

Introduction:The learning environment is an important determinant of the quality of medical education. Having a good learning climate leads to improved learning process, satisfaction with education, and helps achieve the goals of the curriculum. Assessment of the quality of learning environment helps with the identification of areas that need improvement. The aim of this study was to assess the learning environment of internal medicine training program in Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed methods study using a cross-sectional survey using Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure and a qualitative study using a focus group discussion was done on internal medicine residents from December 2020 to May 2021. Comparison of quantitative data was done using Mann-Whitney U-Test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 100 residents participated in the study. The overall total mean score of the responses of the participants was 70.87 (±19.8) with mean perceptions of role autonomy, perceptions of teaching and perceptions of social support of 25.9 (±7.1), 27.1 (10.2) and 17.9 (±5.1), respectively. These values suggest the presence of plenty of problems in the program. Higher mean scores were reported by males and by earlier years of residency. Ten residents participated in the focus group discussion. Four recurring themes that negatively affect learning environment were identified and included excessive workload, inadequate teaching activity, nonconducive hospital physical environment and lack of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Conclusion:The internal medicine residency learning environment has many challenges that need immediate attention and follow-up.