Th e Bielefeld Longitudinal Study on Learning in Inclusive and Exclusive Forms of Special Needs Education (BiLieF) compared the psychosocial development and the performance growth of children with special educational needs in the fi eld of learning, starting in third grade through fi ft h grade. Results from quantitative and qualitative methods showed that proximal factors aff ect children's development, whereas educational setting is less infl uential.
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