Vitamin B12 deficiency in children often under reported and usually presents with nonspecific manifestations like neuropsychiatric symptoms, anaemia, glossitis and chronic diarrhoea. Vegetarianism, minimal intake of animal products, poverty and malnutrition may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. Laboratory reports often show pancytopenia, megaloblasts in bone marrow and low serum cynocobalamine. Injectable vitamin B12 is the treatment of choice. We would like to highlight this case report in view of vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as diarrhoea.
Introduction: Among various modalities used in the evaluation of chronic otitis media, HRCT of the temporal bone is the most reliable and valuable imaging modality as it provides excellent anatomic information. It can display minute anatomical and pathological details by providing a direct visual window into the temporal bone.
Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study done at the department of Radiodiagnosis and imaging of Birat Medical College, Teaching hospital over 1 year with a total of 50 patients enrolled in the study. The findings were compared with the post-operative findings and data were entered. HRCT was done on 64 slices of multidetector CT scan. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of various parameters were calculated.
Results: Out of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them 52%(26) were females and 48%(24) were males. HRCT showed 100% sensitivity for the lateral semicircular canal and sigmoid plate erosion. The sensitivity and specificity of cholesteatoma were 79.06% and 42.85% respectively. It also offered a sensitivity of 75% and 95% for the erosion of the facial nerve canal and tegmen tympani respectively
Conclusions: High-resolution computed tomography is a reliable diagnostic tool for the pre-operative evaluation of chronic otitis media. It helps the operating surgeon to evaluate the anatomical extent of the disease process and aids in the surgical approach that helps prevent probable complications during surgery
Aims: To measure the fetal kidney length in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and correlate it with the gestational age and other routine fetal parameters.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study includes 250 pregnant women presented in the Nobel Medical College for ultrasound examination from the period of July 2021 to June 2022. Gestational age was estimated based on the last menstrual date and ultrasonogram. Routine fetal parameters and mean fetal kidney length were measured. The correlation between gestational age, fetal kidney length, and routine fetal parameters was studied.
Results: The mean gestational age according to ultrasound and last menstrual period were 35.5 ± 3.4 weeks and 35.2 ± 3.2 weeks respectively. The mean fetal kidney length was 36.8 ± 4.02mm. There was a very strong positive correlation between gestational age and fetal kidney length (r=0.921, p =0.001). Compared to the routine fetal parameters, adding fetal kidney length improved the effectiveness in predicting gestational age. (R2 =0.918 vs. R2 =0.936)
Conclusion: Fetal kidney length can be added to the other standard parameters to improve the prediction of gestational age.
Introduction: Among various imaging modalities useful in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathies, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful to evaluate and determine the presence of vascularity, resistance, direction, and velocity of blood flow in lymph nodes. It can determine the morphological and vascular nature of lymphadenopathies which will further help in the differentiation between benign and malignant nodes.
Methods: This study was conducted on 61 patients referred to the Department of radiodiagnosis and imaging of BiratMedcical College for an ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients had subsequently undergone FNAC examination. Color Doppler sonographic procedures were done with an 11L linear probe with a frequency of 4.5-12MHz and CDUS evaluation of lymph nodes for Resistive Index and Peak systolic velocity were carried out and correlated with FNAC findings.
Results: Among 61 lymph nodes, 52 were benign and 9 were malignant in the Color Doppler study where the final diagnosis by FNAC showed 53 benign and 8 malignant nodes. RI above the cutoff value of 0.5 had 83.3% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, 50% PPV and 95.1% NPV. PSV above the cutoff value of 16cm/sec had 66.6% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, 80.0% PPV and 92.2% NPV with diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%.
Conclusion: Morphological features of the nodes such as shape, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern, and Doppler indices cutoff values of 0.5 and 16cm/s respectively for RI and PSV were sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.