Kayu putih merupakan salah satu hasil hutan non kayu yang penting di Indonesia. Hutan tanaman kayu putih di Jawa cukup besar, diperkirakan Perum Perhutani mengelola sekitar 24.000 ha areal produktif jenis ini dan memiliki 10 Pabrik Pengolahan Minyak Kayu Putih (PMKP). Namun Pengelolaannya belum optimal karena sampai saat ini produksi daun kayu putih masih jauh dari kapasitas terpasang pabrik, yaitu sebesar 53.760 ton daun kayu putih per tahun. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (1) mengetahui model produksi daun tanaman kayu putih dalam satu periode pemangkasan dan (2) mengetahui model produktivitas daun tanaman kayu putih dalam satu daur biologis. Hasil model yang diperoleh digunakan untuk menentukan saat daun dipanen dan saat tanaman kayu putih diganti dengan tanaman baru. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan survey, pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan pengukuran plot-plot ukur sementara (PUS). Plot ukur untuk pembuatan model dalam satu daur panen dibuat sebanyak 36 PUS dan 24 PUS untuk pembuatan model dalam satu daur biologis. Model produksi daun kayu putih terbaik dalam satu daur panen adalah Morgan-Mercer-Flodin model (MMF) dan pemangkasan optimum adalah pada umur tunas 7 bulan, dimana kurva laju pertumbuhan rata-rata bulanan maksimum berpotongan dengan kurva pertumbuhan bulan berjalan. Model produktivitas dalam satu daur silvikulktuyr adalah model polinomial. Daur biologis atau saat tanaman diganti dengan tanaman baru diperkirakan pada umur 25 tahun (kelas umur V), dimana produk-tivitas setelah umur ini menurun.
ABSTRACT
Cajuput oil is one of important non-timber forest product in
Melaleuca cajuputiKeywords: Leaves production model,cajuput oil, rotation, kayu putih ABSTRAK Kata kunci : Model produksi daun, minyak kayu putih, kayu putih
Abstract. Simangunsong BCH, Manurung EGT, Elias, Hutagaol MP, Tarigan J, Prabawa SB. 2020. Tangible economic value of non-timber forest products from peat swamp forest in Kampar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5954-5960. Development of alternative economy based on non-timber forest products usage is an important means to prevent forest conversion and preserve the quality of a forest ecosystem. The main objectives of this study were to identify and calculate the economic value from tangible/marketable perspective of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provided by peat swamp forest in Kampar, Sumatra, Indonesia. This is one of the largest remaining peat swamp forest ecosystems in the country. Seven villages located around that forest ecosystem with total forest cover area of 201,224 ha were chosen as samples. A conversion return approach was used to estimate the economic value of non-timber forest products. The results showed 18 kinds of non-timber forest products were identified, but only seven were used commercially by community. They are jungle rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), sago (Metroxylon sp.), swiftlet nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus), honey, betel nut (Areca catechu L), Agathis resin (Agathis dammara), and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) The obtained economic value of NTFPs was very low, which was about Rp 9,367.4 (or US$0.68 ha-1 yr-1). Market development of non-timber forest products is then crucial, and the government should play an important role in promoting it in collaboration with private companies. Non-marketed non-timber forest products and various environmental services should also be taken into account to measure that peat swamp forest ecosystem value. Otherwise, concerns about the sustainability of that forest ecosystem in Indonesia due to undervaluation of forest resources will continue.
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