ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, associated factors and stress-coping strategies among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingKathmandu Valley, Nepal.ParticipantsA total of 300 traffic police officers working under the different traffic units of Kathmandu Valley for at least 6 months were recruited via a simple random sampling procedure.Primary outcome measuresState of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Secondary outcome measuresCoping strategies under stressful conditions based on the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) tool.ResultsAltogether 124 (41.3%) traffic police officers had symptoms of depression, 141 (47%) had anxiety symptoms and 132 (44%) had symptoms of stress. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression (adjusted OR (AOR): 10.7, 95% CI: 4.8 to 23.6), anxiety (AOR: 7.1, 95% CI: 3.4 to 14.9) and stress (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 3.3 to 14.1). Similarly, longer working hours was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of depression (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8 to 6.4), anxiety (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.9) and stress (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.4), and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting depressive symptoms (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.7). Participants in this study used positive coping strategies more than negative coping strategies.ConclusionOur study found a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among traffic police officers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Smoking and longer working hours were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms.
BackgroundThe angle of inclination of the femur is the angle formed between long axis of neck of femur and long axis of the shaft of femur. The average angle of inclination (neck-shaft angle) is 126°, ranging from 115° to 140° in the adult population. As with the angle of inclination of the humerus, the angle of inclination of the femur varies among individuals and also from side to side. The aim of this study was to determine the Angle of inclination and neck length of Femur. Material & MethodsA total of 50 dry femora (25right and 25 left) of nobel medical college was cross sectionally studied with random sampling without knowing the sex & age of bone. The angle formed between long axis of neck and long axis of the shaft of femur was measured with the help of goniometer. The neck length was measured with the help of sliding calliper. ResultsThe mean angle of inclination was 128.98±4.55 degrees, on the right side was129.84±5.22 degrees and on the left side was 128.12±3.66degrees. The difference in the mean angle of inclination of right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05). The mean neck length femur was 2.93 ±0.24cm, right femur was 3.06±0.19cm and left femur was 2.80±0.21cm. The difference in the mean neck neck length of the right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05). ConclusionThe Angle of Inclination of Femur and neck length of femur in present study had no remarkable dissimilarity with the results observed in the studies conducted in Nepal and neighbouring countries. In the study there was no statistical significant difference between the neck-shaft angle and neck length of femur of right and left side of the femur but there was positive correlation between angle of inclination and neck length of femur.
Introduction: A prescription is a written order to a pharmacist by a doctor, which should contain all its components so that a patient can get precise and fruitful outcomes of disease treatment. Preclinical undergraduate medical students are taught and trained to develop good prescription skills. Thus, we aimed to appraise prescription writing skills among intern doctors of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 63 interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nineteen components of a prescription according to the World Health Organization were included in this study. They were name, address, degree, registration number, telephone number, sign of the prescriber, date, diagnosis, dosage form, correct dose, the correct route, correct quantity, and correct instruction of the drug, name, address, sex, and age of the patient. Then four groups; Group A (Poor), Group B (Fair), Group C (Good), and Group D (Excellent) were divided according to the number of components included in the prescription. Results: According to the study scoring system, the maximum prescriptions were from group C (65.08%) followed by group B (34.92%). None of them were group A and group D. Components such as prescriber’s name, drug’s name, dose, route, quantity, and instruction were found in all the prescriptions whereas, components such as prescriber’s address, degree, and contact number were not found in any of the prescriptions. Conclusions: The prescription writing skills of interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital is not up to the mark. There are lots of missing components in their prescriptions.
Introduction: Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. However, hospital-based studies on cardiovascular diseases including hypertension in a developing country like Nepal have been limited. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of hypertension in the troops selected for mission.Method: We did medical check-up of 850 soldiers selected for UNIFIL mission from January 2014 to March 2014 at Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni, Kathmandu. Age ranged from 29 years to 55 years was included in the group. Various parameters like history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, smoking, alcohol, family history, measurement of blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile and number of people who has to take antihypertensive medicines were studied.Results: Out of 850 military personnel 48 found to have high blood pressure. Maximum candidates belonged to young age group 29-35years of age. 22 were overweight and 6 were obese and having higher blood pressure levels. 66% were habituated to alcohol intake minimum 60 ml up to 160 ml. Most of them were occasional drinker. 31 candidates constituting 64.58% had to be put on antihypertensive that were newly diagnosed. 3 persons had past history of hypertension and were already on antihypertensive.Conclusions: The study highlights the prevalence of various risk factors for coronary artery disease in the army.Since majority of risk factors are modifiable, timely intervention can help in reducing morbidity and mortality.
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