Variations in populations of arthropod pests, under the influence of climate change, compromise the effectiveness of the cotton phytosanitary protection strategy in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to establish a new classification of cotton production areas, on the basis of predominant pests. A monitoring was therefore carried out from 2016 to 2019 in 400 farmers' fields. In these fields, surveys were conducted weekly, from the 30th to the 122nd day after emergence. Data analysis, through Principal Component Analysis, identified four groups of localities. The first group includes the northeastern localities (4°W to 5°W: 8°N to 10.5°N) such as Kong, Ouangolodougou, Sordi, Tiékpè, Kaouara. This area is characterized by high infestations of most pests (jassid, white flies, exocarpic lepidoptera, endocarpic lepidoptera, phyllophagous lepidoptera and mites). The second group is intermediate between northeast and central (5.5°W to 6.2°W: 8.3°N to 10.5°N). This area is characterized by infestations of jassid, white flies and exocarpic lepidoptera (H. armigera and D. watersi). It remains less infested by endocarpic lepidoptera (T. leucotreta and P. gossypiella). The third area is located in the South (4.5°W to 8.5°W: 6°N to 8.5°N). It is essentially infested by endocarpic lepidoptera T. leucotreta and P. gossypiella. Jassid and whitefly infestations are less important in this part, compared to the northern part. The fourth and last area extends from the center to the west (6°W to 8°W: 8°N to 10.5°N). Pest infestations are lower in this area compared to other areas.
In recent years, Spodoptera frugiperda has appeared in several West African countries, causing considerable damage to maize. In Côte d'Ivoire, the first suspicions of the insect appeared in October 2016, when maize producers reported the invasion of their respective crop sites by a certain caterpillar of which they had no knowledge. Following morphological and biological observations made during field missions, these suspicions were confirmed. In the laboratory, a breeding operation to determine the development cycle of the pest was therefore carried out. The results indicated that the female lays eggs 2 to 3 days after emergence. Hatching occurs 2 to 3 days after egg laying. The duration of the larval stage varied between 16 and 38 days, with an average duration of approximately 24.63 ± 5.41 days. The duration of the pupal period varied between 6 and 13 days. The total duration of the development varied between 30 and 53 days. However, adults live about 10 days.
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