A full scale water modeling experiment has been conducted to address the relationship between the instability of fluid flow and level fluctuation in the continuous thin slab casting mould with the particle image visualization. The results show that the internal fluid flow and level fluctuation are unsteady and periodical. The probabilities of fluctuated meniscus and moving circumfluence center position seem Possion distributions with the highest frequency near the average position. The circumfluence and meniscus profile are asymmetrical, and the phase difference of wave height and circumfluence center in the two sides of mould centerline is half period. The average meniscus profile, the highest and lowest meniscus positions are generally symmetry about the mould centerline, and the circumfluence center swings with a similar trace. The wave height mainly depends on the circumfluence center position along the mould height. The wave height has an inverse relation with the circumfluence center depth, and the wave height decreases with descending circumfluence.
A water modelling experiment was conducted to study the meniscus instability in a continuous thin slab casting mould using particle image visualisation. The results show that the level fluctuation, circulation centre position and jet impinging depth are unsteady and periodic with a similar period. The probability distributions of the fluctuating meniscus and wave height have been obtained with the highest frequency near the average position. The flow pattern and meniscus profile may be momentarily asymmetrical, and the phase difference of level fluctuation in the two sides of mould centreline is a half period. The average meniscus profile, the highest and lowest meniscus positions are generally symmetrical about the mould centreline. The wave height mainly depends on the jet impinging depth and circulation centre position. The wave height increases as the jet impinging position rises and the circulation centre approaches to the submerged entry nozzle.
The development of novel inhibitors against metallo-β-lactamase is essential to remedy metallo-β-lactamase mediated bacterial resistance. A recently emerged metallo-β-lactamase, VIM-2, has demonstrated resistance to existing β-lactamase inhibitors in the clinic. In this study, a hybrid virtual screening protocol that combines pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and calculation of binding free energy was employed to screen an internal tripeptide database for novel inhibitors against VIM-2. This resulted in four tripeptides (WWC, WCW, MCW, YCW) as potential inhibitors, and their effects on VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase were subsequently tested in vitro. Significantly, two peptides (MCW, YCW) exhibited potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 18.15 µM and 52.9 µM, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that employed the hybrid virtual screening of combinational peptide database and discovered potent peptide inhibitors of VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase.
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