A mathematical model based on an inverse heat transfer calculation was built to determine the heat flux between the mould and slab based on the measured mould temperatures. With K-e turbulence model, a mathematical model of three-dimensional heat transfer and solidification of molten steel in continuous slab casting mould is developed. Solidification has been taken into consideration, and flow in the mushy zone is modelled according to Darcy's law as is the case of flow in the porous media. The heat flux prescribed on the boundaries is obtained in the inverse heat conduction calculation; thus, the effect of heat transfer in the mould has been taken into consideration. Results show that the calculated values of mould temperature coincide with the measured ones. Results also reveal that the temperature distribution and shell thickness are affected by the fluid flow and heat transfer of slab which is governed by the heat flux on the mould/ slab interface.
Owing to their large and curved shape, blade castings, a key component for heavy hydro turbines, are susceptible to deformation during casting and heat treatment. In the present paper, the stress analysis of a blade casting during both casting and heat treatment is performed. The coupled thermo-stress and thermo-phase transformation stress models are used for casting and heat treatment respectively. Machining allowance distribution is used as the deformation criterion and an algorithm of inverse deformation determination is presented. The mechanical properties of the martensitic stainless steel ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (13Cr–5Ni–1Mo) at different temperatures are measured under as cast and heat treated status. Finally, the inverse deformation of the blade during both casting and heat treatment processes is obtained, and a series of sections of the blade casting with inverse deformation design are given for pattern making. The calculated deformation results are compared to the measured one, and they are basically in agreement.
Abstract. Heavy Hydro turbine castings, made of martensitic stainless steel, of spatially twisted shape, are susceptible to deformation during both casting and heat treatment processes. During production, uneven heating and cooling, phase transformation, stress and stain are responsible for the deformation of castings. However, the current research most focus on casting process or heat treatment process or both but separately, martensitic phase transformation is usually neglected in casting process. In this paper, a coupled thermomartensitic phase transformation-stress model is established. And it is implemented by secondary development of ABAQUS, which deals the finite element model change and incorporates multi thermal and mechanical boundaries during casting and heat treatment processes as well, such as the contact pair between casting and mold during casting process. The stress analysis of a heavy hydro blade casting was performed by this system. The stress, displacement and phase are obtained. The effect of martensitic phase transformation on the stress and deformation is discussed. The simulated deformation is compared with measured results, and their agreement is improved by the through process simulation.
Modelling and simulation technology is widely used to optimise the casting process and improve the quality of Al alloy castings. A modified cellular automaton model was proposed to simulate the evolution of dendritic microstructure in low pressure die casting of Al-Si Alloy, which accounted for the heterogeneous nucleation, the solute redistribution in both liquid and solid, the interface curvature and the growth anisotropy during solidification. A nucleation model was proposed based upon the experimental data. With the developed models, not only the grain structure but also the dendritic microstructure was simulated during the solidification process. The grain morphology of a step shaped casting and the aircraft turbine wheel casting at different positions were predicted and compared with experimental results.
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