Ferroptosis is an important form of myocardial cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Naringenin (NAR), as a flavonoid, has a significant advantage in improving MIRI. But the regulatory effect and mechanism of NAR on ferroptosis in MIRI have not been reported. After the rats were given NAR and induced to form myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury, Tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the myocardial infarction area of rats, and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect myocardial injury. The markers of tissue inflammation were detected by ELISA. Serum creatine kinase Serum creatin kinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidative stress related levels were measured. In addition, iron detection kits were used to detect total iron and Fe
2+
levels in cardiac tissues, and western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins and the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). At the cellular level, H9C2 cardiomyocytes were induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and ferroptosis inducer Erastin was administered to detect cell viability, ferroptosis-related indicators, oxidative stress related indicators, and expressions of Nrf2 and GPX4, to explore the mechanisms involved. NAR alleviated MI/R-induced pathological damage, inflammation and lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue of rats. NAR adjusted the NRF2 /System xc – /GPX4 axis and improved ferroptosis. At the cellular level, ferroptosis inducer Erastin reversed the protective effect of NAR on H/R-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, NAR can alleviate MIRI by regulating the Nrf2/System xc-/GPX4 axis to inhibit ferroptosis.
Salidroside is a natural product isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. which possesses a wide range of biological activities, especially neuroprotective effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In an attempt to improve its neuroprotective effects, a series of novel salidroside analogues were synthesized and their neuroprotective activities were evaluated against the glucose and serum depletion-induced cell death in differentiated PC12 cells. Most target compounds displayed protective effects on the cell viability, especially for compound 6, which had a great potency superior to salidroside. MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining collectively showed that pretreatment with 6 attenuated cell viability loss and reduced apoptotic death in cultured PC12 cells with glucose and serum depletion. And its neuroprotective effects might be associated with the increase of the apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio, and also with the inhibition of caspase-3 activation. Therefore, our new findings may provide potentially important information for further development of salidroside analogues and lay the basis for further studies on the cerebral ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases for human clinical treatment.
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