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Gamma ray irradiation effectively degrades diclofenac.

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Effective for MO decolorization, the oxone/sunlight system improves over the traditional oxone process with advantages of lower costs and avoiding secondary pollution by catalyst.

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This study focused on the degradation of the emerging contaminant naproxen in aqueous solutions by gamma irradiation. Influence of initial naproxen concentration, solution pH, various additives (CH 3 OH, H 2 O 2 , NO À 3 , and humic acid), and absorbed dose on naproxen degradation were investigated. At a naproxen concentration of 23.6 mg/L and an absorbed dose of 1.0 kGy, the extent of naproxen degradation was 98%. The degradation reaction of naproxen followed first-order like kinetics. Addition of 40 mg/L humic acid or 0.5% H 2 O 2 enhanced the naproxen degradation, whereas 1.5% CH 3 OH and 1.5% H 2 O 2 inhibited naproxen degradation. Added NO À 3 slightly decreased naproxen degradation. The naproxen degradation efficiency was higher under acidic conditions than in neutral or alkaline media. The solution pH value became lower as the absorbed dose increased. Identification of byproducts revealed that decarboxylation is the principal initial process in the degradation of naproxen under the conditions used in these experiments.

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