Hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered active mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and are found in extremely low levels (ng/g) in biological samples. As a result, their determination in urine and blood samples is challenging, and a sensitive and effective method for the analysis of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex biological matrices is required. In this work, a novel macroporous in-tube solid-phase microextraction monolith was prepared via a thiol-yne click reaction, and a highly efficient analytical method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to determine hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low detection limits of 0.137-11.0 ng/L in complex biological samples. Four hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 6hydroxychrysene, were determined in the urine samples of smokers, nonsmokers, and whole blood samples of mice. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved in the range of 83.1-113% with relative standard deviations of 3.2-9.7%. It was found that implementation of the macroporous monolith gave a highly efficient approach for enriching trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples.
Widespread use of parabens in consumer products has resulted in their ubiquitous existence in the environment including sewage, soil, and sewage sludge. Their potential for human health hazards has, therefore, raised significant public concerns. In this work, an effective in-tube solid-phase microextraction device based on a poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) was combined with analysis with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detecting parabens in sewage and soil samples, with the limits of detection ranged between 0.64 and 1.4 ng/L.Trace parabens in sewage and soil samples were determined, with amounts of four parabens in the range 0.0141-3.78 ng/g, whereas benzylparaben was not detected. Satisfactory recoveries were observed for the five parabens (86.4-113%), with relative standard deviations (n = 5) ranging between 2.1 and 6.0%. The results indicated that the developed method is prospective to expand in environmental monitoring.
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