The efficiency of coupled wall systems to resist lateral loads is well known. In order for the desired behavior of the coupled wall system to be attained, the coupling beams must be sufficiently strong and stiff. The coupling beams, however, must also yield before the wall piers, behave in a ductile manner, and exhibit significant energy-absorbing characteristics. This paper reviews the current state of the art for the design of conventional reinforced concrete, diagonally reinforced concrete, steel, and composite steel-concrete coupling beams. Although not exhaustive, critical aspects of the design of these systems are presented.
An overview of a number of issues related to design of hybrid structures with reinforced concrete central core walls and perimeter steel frames is presented. Various design options for steel or steel–concrete composite coupling beams and their connections to core walls, and connections between outrigger beams and core walls are discussed. Design guidelines are presented and are evaluated with reference to previous experimental data from tests conducted by the authors. By following the recommended design procedures, it is possible to ensure satisfactory cyclic behaviour in terms of strength and energy dissipation characteristics.
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