To promote the clinical theranostic performances of platinum‐based anticancer drugs, imaging capability is urgently desired, and their chemotherapeutic efficacy needs to be upgraded. Herein, a theranostic metallacycle (M) is developed for imaging‐guided cancer radio‐chemotherapy using perylene bisimide fluorophore (PPy) and tetraphenylethylene‐based di‐Pt(II) organometallic precursor (TPE‐Pt) as building blocks. The formation of this discrete supramolecular coordination complex facilitates the encapsulation of M by a glutathione (GSH)‐responsive amphiphilic block copolymer to prepare M‐loaded nanoparticles (MNPs). TPE‐Pt acts as a chemotherapeutic drug and also an excellent radiosensitizer, thus incorporating radiotherapy into the nanomedicine to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance. The NIR‐emission of PPy is employed to detect the intracellular delivery and tissue distribution of MNPs in real time. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate the excellent anticancer efficacy combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the administration of this nanomedicine effectively inhibits the tumor growth and greatly extends the survival rate of cisplatin‐resistant A2780CIS‐tumor‐bearing mice. Guided by in vivo fluorescence imaging, radio‐chemotherapy is precisely carried out, which facilitates boosting of the therapeutic outcomes and minimizing undesired side effects. The success of this theranostic system brings new hope to supramolecular nanomedicines for their potential clinical translations.

Excess accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key target for inhibiting pyroptosis‐induced inflammation and tissue damage. However, targeted delivery of drugs to mitochondria and efficient clearance of mtROS remain challenging. In current study, it is discovered that polyphenols such as tannic acid (TA) can mediate the targeting of polyphenol/antioxidases complexes to mitochondria. This affinity does not depend on mitochondrial membrane potential but stems from the strong binding of TA to mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. Taking advantage of the feasibility of self‐assembly between TA and proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TA are assembled into complexes (referred to as TSC) for efficient enzymatic activity maintenance. In vitro fluorescence confocal imaging shows that TSC not only promoted the uptake of biological enzymes in hepatocytes but also highly overlapped with mitochondria after lysosomal escape. The results from an in vitro model of hepatocyte oxidative stress demonstrate that TSC efficiently scavenges excess mtROS and reverses mitochondrial depolarization, thereby inhibiting inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. More interestingly, TSC maintain superior efficacy compared with the clinical gold standard drug N‐acetylcysteine in both acetaminophen‐ and D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide‐induced pyroptosis‐related hepatitis mouse models. In conclusion, this study opens a new paradigm for targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress to inhibit pyroptosis and treat inflammatory diseases.

Background Pain catastrophizing in preoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients is associated with several poorly characterised factors in the literature. This study investigated the current state and associated factors of preoperative pain catastrophizing in patients undergoing TKA. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the orthopedics ward of two tertiary hospitals in Lanzhou, China. Pain catastrophizing was measured using the Chinese versions of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Short Form-36 (physical function domain), Numerical Rating Scale, Oxford Knee Score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Life Orientation Test-Revised. Results The study included 360 participants. Preoperative TKA pain catastrophizing in all patients was high, with a mean score of 24.92 (SD: 12.38). The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed anxiety (β = 0.548, P < 0.01), education level (β =  − 0.179, P < 0.01), physical function (β =  − 0.156, P < 0.01), and pain intensity during activity (β = 0.105, P = 0.015) as associated factors for pain catastrophizing, possibly explaining 51.2% of the total variation (F = 95.149, P < 0.01). Conclusion Anxiety was the most relevant factor for pain catastrophizing in patients with preoperative TKA. Lower education levels, poor physical function, and stronger pain intensity during the activity were also associated with pain catastrophizing.

Pyroptosis is a recently discovered programmed cell death mechanism, characterized by continuous swelling of cells until the rupture of the cell membrane, resulting in the release of cell contents. [1] Pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence and development of infectious and inflammatory diseases and plays an important role in tumor therapy. Specific induction of tumor pyroptosis has achieved great success in tumor therapy. An in-depth study of cell pyroptosis is helpful for stimulating novel ideas for the treatment of tumors. In recent years, research focusing on pyroptosis has increased rapidly, making it a hot research topic.Classic pyroptosis is achieved by activating the gasdermin family of proteins. In the 1990s, pyroptosis was first described in macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium. At first, pyroptosis was thought to be mediated by the inflammasome, but it has been shown that pyroptosis is mediated by the gasdermin family of effector proteins promoting pore formation. [2] Caspase-1 and caspase-11/4/5 induce pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermin-D (GSDMD). After being cleaved by caspase-1 or caspase-11/4/5, GSDMD releases its N-terminal domain, which forms a pore on the cell membrane, leading to a change in the osmotic pressure of the cell and swelling until the final rupture of the cell. [3] With further research, other proteins of the gasdermin family, such as gasdermin-A3, (GSDMA3) gasdermin-C (GSDMC), and gasdermin-E (GSDME), have also been shown to be capable of inducing pyroptosis. [4]

With the development of personalized medical demands for precise diagnosis, rational management and effective cancer treatment, supramolecular theranostic systems have received widespread attention due to their reversibly switchable structures, sensitive response to biological stimuli and integration ability for multiple capabilities in a single platform with a programmable fashion. Cyclodextrins (CDs), benefiting from their excellent characteristics, such as non-toxicity, easy modification, unique host–guest properties, good biocompatibility, etc., as building blocks, serve as an all-purpose strategy for the fabrication of a supramolecular cancer theranostics nanodevice that is capable of biosafety, controllability, functionality and programmability. This review focuses on the supramolecular systems of CD-bioimaging probes, CD-drugs, CD-genes, CD-proteins, CD-photosensitizers and CD-photothermal agents as well as multicomponent cooperation systems with regards to building a nanodevice with functions of diagnosis and (or) therapeutics of cancer treatment. By introducing several state-of-the-art examples, emphasis will be placed on the design of various functional modules, the supramolecular interaction strategies under the fantastic topological structures and the hidden “bridge” between their structures and therapeutic efficacy, aiming for further comprehension of the important role of a cyclodextrin-based nanoplatform in advancing supramolecular cancer theranostics.

Cancer immunotherapy is a favorable strategy for facilitating anti‐tumor immunity, but it shows limited benefits in clinical practice owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Pyroptosis shows great immunostimulatory effect on tumor, whereas the lack of pyroptotic inducer with imaging property has restricted its progress in tumor theranostics. Herein, a mitochondria‐targeted aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen (TPA‐2TIN) with NIR‐II emission is designed for highly efficient induction of tumor cell pyroptosis. The fabricated TPA‐2TIN nanoparticles can be efficiently taken up by tumor cells and selectively accumulated in tumor for a long term observed by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. More importantly, the TPA‐2TIN nanoparticles can effectively stimulate immune responses both in vitro and in vivo mediated by the mitochondrial dysfunctions and the subsequent activation of the pyroptotic pathway. Ultimately, the reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment significantly enhances the immune checkpoint therapy. This study paves a new avenue for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer.

Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression versus anterior cervical decompression with fusion in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Condition being studied: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative disease associated with cervical cord compression, which has increased significant health-related social costs and derived disabilities. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the "gold standard" for the treatment of CSM. However, the application of ACDF may cause some complications. Recently, full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression have shown potential therapeutic effects for CSM. However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has focused on the effects of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression in the treatment of CSM. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression versus anterior cervical decompression with fusion in treating CSM patients.

BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor, and more than 60% of patients have recurrence and metastasis after surgery. The efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy for CCA remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether adjuvant therapy benefits patients with CCA and examine the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).MethodsPatients with CCA undergoing surgery were retrospectively enrolled in this study from June 2016 to June 2022. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to analyze the correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to search for independent prognostic factors.ResultsOf the 215 eligible patients, 119 patients received adjuvant therapy, and the other 96 patients did not. The median follow-up was 37.5 months. The median OS of CCA patients with and without adjuvant therapy was 45 and 18 months (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The median PFS of CCA patients with and without adjuvant therapy was 34 and 8 months (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative aspartate transaminase and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, microvascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, and adjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors for OS (all P values &lt; 0.05). Preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125, microvascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, and adjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors for PFS (all P values &lt; 0.05). The stratified analysis by TMN stage detected significant differences in the early stages (median OS [mOS]: P = 0.0128; median PFS [mPFS]: P = 0.0209) and advanced stages (mOS and mPFS: both P values &lt; 0.001). Adjuvant therapy was also identified as a significantly favorable prognostic factor for OS and PFS in the early stages and advanced stages.ConclusionPostoperative adjuvant therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with CCA, even in the early stages and advanced stages. All data suggest that adjuvant therapy should be incorporated into the treatment of CCA in all cases, where appropriate.