Chitin
nanocrystals (CNCs), rod-like crystalline nanoparticles
from natural sources, show high aspect ratio, high modulus, and excellent
reinforcing ability toward polymers. In this study, CNCs aqueous dispersions
were first prepared by acid hydrolysis of raw chitin. The resulting
dispersion was investigated by polarized optical microscopy and rheometry
at different CNCs concentrations. A nematic liquid crystals phenomenon
with increasing solid concentration is found in the CNCs dispersion.
When the concentration of CNCs dispersion is beyond 5 wt %, the dispersion
forms liquid crystal phase. CNCs dispersions were then compounded
with natural rubber (NR) latex to prepare NR/CNCs composites. CNCs
are evenly dispersed in NR matrix, which can effectively enhance the
mechanical properties and thermal stability of rubber. The tensile
strength of NR/CNCs composite containing 10 wt % CNCs is 5.75 MPa,
which is 6.25 multiples of pure NR. Also, the tear strength, storage
modulus, and thermal decomposition temperature of the composites increase
with increasing CNCs loading. The improvement of NR properties is
caused by the uniformly dispersed CNCs and the good interfacial interactions
between CNCs and rubber molecular chains. NR/CNCs composites show
many advantages such as light color, lightweight, and high performance
over the traditional carbon black-filled rubber.
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