Developing stable
photoelectrochemistry (PEC) glucose biosensors
with high sensitivity and a low detection limit is highly desirable
in the biosensor field. Herein, a highly sensitive and stable enzymatic
glucose PEC biosensor is rationally designed and fabricated using
a TiO2NTs/Au/Pt/GOx electrode. First, we prepared one-dimensional
TiO2 nanotube arrays which could realize the orthogonalization
of the light-incident direction and the carrier diffusion direction
via anodization. Subsequently, we used the method of photoassisted
deposition for anchoring Pt nanoparticles on TiO2NTs after
electrodepositing Au nanoparticles. Among them, Au nanoparticles promote
light absorption via the surface plasmon resonance effect and the
separation of photogenerated carriers through forming a Schottky junction.
Moreover, the Pt nanoparticles on the electrode surface can react
with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated from
glucose (Glu) oxidation by glucose oxidase (GOx), accelerating the
electron-transfer process during glucose oxidation and greatly improving
the sensitivity of the glucose biosensor. As a result, TiO2NTs/Au/Pt/GOx exhibited excellent PEC performance, achieving a high
sensitivity of 81.93 μA mM–1 cm–2 and a low detection limit (1.39 μM), far exceeding the performance
of TiO2NTs/M/GOx (M = Au, Pt). Therefore, the introduction
of Pt nanoparticles as active substances to promote enzymatic reactions
is important for designing high-performance enzyme biosensors.
A novel photoelectrode for glucose PEC biosensing composed of TiONTAs, PANI, and AuNPs was successfully obtained. The GOx@Au–PANI–TiONTA electrode exhibited a wide response range (2–36 mM) with a low detection limit (0.02 mM) and good stability.
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