C3-cycloalkylated indole was synthesized from indole and cyclic ketone in the absence of a reductant with the aid of an acid catalyst.

2-Butoxy-3,4-dihydropyrans were used, for the first time, as dual anchoring reagents and ligand donors to prepare the immobilize homogeneous metal acetylacetonate catalysts.

A direct dehydrative coupling protocol for the synthesis of 3-vinylindoles using easily available indoles and simple ketones as substrates was developed with the aid of a sulfonyl-containing Brønsted acid ionic liquid.

Compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms inside the rings are attracting much attention and interest due to their biological importance. In recent years, several methods for the synthesis of such molecules have been reported by using aldo-X bifunctional building blocks (AXB3 s) as substrates; these are a wide class of organic molecules that contain at least two reactive sites, among them, one aldehyde, acetal, or semiacetal group was involved. Because of the multiple reactivities, AXB3 s are widely used in the one-pot synthesis of biologically important heterocycles. This review summarizes the synthesis of important heterocycles by using AXB3 s as pivotal components in establishing multicomponent reactions, tandem reactions, and so forth. In many cases, the established reaction systems with AXB3 s were characterized by some green properties, such as easy access to the substrate, mild and environmentally benign conditions, and wide scope of the substrate.