Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard belongs to family Sapotaceae. It is commonly called as Rayan /Khirni. The local people and aboriginals use the oil extracted from the seeds for cooking purpose. The seed has several therapeutic uses too. They are used in spermicidal activity, besides it is recommended for leprosy, ophthalmic, ulcers and in the opacity of the cornea. The oil from the seed is considered to be demulcent and emollient, used in piles. Although seeds and oil are in use; deliberate attempt to study them has lacked. Pharmacognosy can be the first step in deciding the status of a plant organ as a crude medicine. Hence comprehensive Pharmacognostic study of Manilkara hexandra seed was done. In the present investigation various aspects of pharmacognosy like macroscopy, microscopy, histochemical analysis, powder study, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, and physicochemical constants were laid down.
Harsinghar/Parijataka is a sacred plant grown near the temples as well as in residential areas in India. Each and every part of the plant is used as medicine by the aboriginals. It is botanically known as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. from family Oleaceae. The stem bark and leaves have been studied in details. Although the flowers of parijataka have curative properties in inflammations, ophthalmopathy, flatulence, colic etc. the study is lacking. Hence it was felt necessary to put forth the pharmacognostical standards for the said flower. The present work involves the macroscopic, microscopic and histochemical studies of petals and corolla tubes. The entire flower was investigated for powder microscopy, fluorescence, physicochemical and qualitative phytochemical analysis. Thus these standards will be of utmost important in identification of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower
Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. (Family: Asteraceae) is a perennial, spreading hairy herb. It is been commonly known as Creeping Daisy, Bhringaraja, etc. The plant is been used for the treatment of various diseases like sore throat, coughs, inflammations and elephantiasis. Plant decoction is recommended for uterine haemorrhage and menorrhagia. The plant extract is also used in alopecia and dyeing grey hair. For standardization of S. calendulacea, the stem was studied for Pharmacognosy. The various parameters involved in Pharmacognostic studies are macroscopy, microscopy, histochemistry and powder study. Along with these the physicochemical, fluorescence and phytochemical analysis were carried out. The powder study revealed the presence of tannin filled cells, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, oil globules and different types of trichomes. These results go concurrent with microscopy of stem. The physicochemical parameters also showed significant results. The phytochemical and histochemical analysis showed the presence of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, etc. Thus, the scientific data generated will be useful in authenticating the said plant part.
Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. Is a crawling evergreen weed. It is been commonly known as Creeping Daisy, Bhringaraja, etc. The plant is been used for the treatment of inflammations, including abscesses, sore throat, coughs and elephantiasis. The leaf extract is also in alopecia. For standardization of this herbal plant, Pharmacognosy is carried out. The leaves of the said plant are studied for the parameters like macroscopy, microscopy, and histochemistry and powder study. It was also investigated for physicochemical, fluorescence and phytochemical analysis. The powder study revealed the presence of anisocytic stomata, palisade tissue, tannin filled cell, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, oil globules and different types of trichomes. These results go concurrent with microscopy of leaves. The physicochemical parameters also showed significant results. The phytochemical and histochemical analysis showed the presence phytoconstituents like flavonoids, saponins, anthroquinone glycosides, etc. Thus, these parameters will be useful in authenticating the said plant.
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