Quantifying the defect-dominated size effect of fracture strain in single crystalline ZnO nanowires J. Appl. Phys. 109, 123504 (2011) Photoinduced stiffening and photoplastic effect of ZnS individual nanobelt in nanoindentation J. Appl. Phys. 108, 094305 (2010) Electronic effect on hydrogen brittleness of austenitic steels J. Appl. Phys. 108, 083723 (2010) Interface energy and its influence on interface fracture between metal and ceramic thin films in nanoscale

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Nanoindentation-induced interlayer bond switching and phase transformation in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphite are simulated by molecular dynamics. Both graphite and CNTs experience a softto-hard phase transformation at room temperature at compressive stresses of 12 and 16 GPa, respectively. Further penetration leads to the formation of interlayer sp 3 bonds, which are reversible upon unloading if the compressive stress is under about 70 GPa, beyond which permanent interlayer sp 3 bonds form. During nanoindentation, the maximum nanohardness of graphite can reach 109 GPa, and CNTs 120 GPa, which is comparable to that of diamond.

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First-principles calculations on the mechanical properties and structural identifications of the fluorite-and pyrite-TiO 2 under high pressure have systematically been performed by the plane-wave basis pseudopotential method. Our calculated bulk modulus ͑272-324 GPa͒, shear modulus ͑97-128 GPa͒, elastic constant C 44 ͑40-73 GPa͒, and theoretical hardness ͑13 GPa͒ of the fluorite-TiO 2 show that it cannot be regarded as a potential candidate of superhard materials. Our results indicate that the differences of mechanical properties between the fluorite-and pyrite-TiO 2 are very small, which are at odds with the previous conclusions. In addition, we find that c-TiO 2 in the previous experiment is closer to the fluorite phase by analyzing the high-pressure behaviors of both cubic phases.

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