Abstract-In this paper, a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with circular slotted ground is proposed. In order to achieve two notched bands at 3.3-3.7 GHz for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and 5.15-5.825 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) respectively, a pair of bended dual-L-shape branches are attached to the slotted ground. By optimizing the lengths and positions of the branches, the desired notch-bands of WLAN and WiMAX can be achieved. The prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results show good agreement over the ultra-wideband. Besides these mechanical features, such as compact in size, easy in fabrication, the proposed antenna also shows good characteristics in its radiation patterns and time-domain behaviors. So it is a nice candidate for modern UWB communication systems.
Silicon is a critical element for diatom growth; however our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular silicon responses are limited. In this study, an iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomic approach was coupled with an established synchrony technique to reveal the global metabolic silicon-response in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana subject to silicon starvation and readdition. Four samples, which corresponded to the time of silicon starvation, girdle band synthesis, valve formation, and right after daughter cell separation (0, 1, 5, 7 h), were collected for the proteomic analysis. The results indicated that a total of 1,831 proteins, representing 16% of the predicted proteins encoded by the T. pseudonana genome, could be identified. Of the identified proteins, 165 were defined as being differentially expressed proteins, and these proteins could be linked to multiple biochemical pathways. In particular, a number of proteins related to silicon transport, cell wall synthesis, and cell-cycle progress could be identified. In addition, other proteins that are potentially involved in amino acid synthesis, protein metabolism, and energy generation may have roles in the cellular response to silicon. Our findings provide a range of valuable information that will be of use for further studies of this important physiological response that is unique to diatoms.
As wearable electronics become more prevalent in everyday life, there is a growing desire to integrate circuits and antennae into clothing. One way that this integration may occur is through use of electronic textiles (e-textiles). However, changes in environmental and wear conditions may affect the conductive data communication performance of the e-textile, such as surface resistivity and antenna radiation characteristics. In this study, the effects of pilling, wrinkling, abrasion, and laundering of e-textiles were examined for resistivity performance. E-textile resistivity performance from both direct current (DC) and radiofrequency (RF) perspectives were measured following AATCC and ASTM standards. For DC performance, results indicate that pilling causes severe damage to e-textile resistivity, while laundering and wrinkling did not substantially affect e-textile resistivity performance. For RF performance in this study, an e-textile microstrip patch antenna was designed and data were collected under similar environmental and wear conditions. RF performance change corresponds with DC performance change. The findings of this paper highlight limitations of the evaluated e-textile performance, and provide new perspectives regarding improvements to e-textile fabrication for sustaining performance through environmental and wear operations.
A multiband high-isolation multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna using balanced mode and coupled neutralization line (NL) is presented in this article. The balanced modes of dipole and loop antennas, which leads to good isolation intrinsically are used for the 8 × 8 MIMO in the LTE bands 42 (3400-3600 MHz)/Chinese 5G band (3300-3400 and 3400-3600 MHz). The unbalanced mode of loop antennas, which optimized by decoupling structure are designed for the 4 × 4 MIMO in the LTE band 40 (2300-2400 MHz). Therefore, the eight-antenna array is formed by four dipole elements and four loop elements. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna can cover 2300 to 2400 and 3300 to 3600 MHz, with reflection coefficient better than −6 dB and isolation higher than 15 dB. Good radiation performance and low envelope correlation coefficient can also be obtained. Specific absorption rate of user's hand is also discussed in this article. K E Y W O R D S5G smartphone, high isolation, MIMO, neutralization line decoupling, S-SAR | INTRODUCTIONAs the current 4G system can no longer meet the requirements of explosive communication data growth, 1-3 both industry and academia are focusing on realizing fifth generation (5G) communications. It has been proved that multipleinput and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system can achieve large capacity and higher transmission rate for 5G systems below 6 GHz. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In the future, at least eight antenna elements should be integrated into a mobile terminal, which can achieve larger channel capacity and better communication reliability. Because of the trend of bezel-less screen design for cellphones, it is a big challenge to guarantee high isolation when more MIMO antenna elements are implemented in such small design space. 3 As the standard for 5G communication is now being formulated, some MIMO antennas designed for 5G smartphone
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