Durability testing of electronic textile surface resistivity and textile antenna performance

Xu, Bin; Eike, Rachel; Cliett, Allyson; Ni, Ling; Cloud, Rinn M.; Li, Yang

doi:10.1177/0040517518819848

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Apart from ISO 6330, other standards that are used as a basis for e-textile wash testing include ISO 105 Textiles-tests for color fastness, [43][44][45] DIN 54015 Testing of color fastness of textiles-determination of color fastness of dyeings and prints to washing in presence of peroxide, 43 AATCC 61 Colorfastness to laundering: accelerated, [46][47][48][49][50] AATCC 6 Colorfastness to acids and alkalis, 51 and AATCC 135 Dimensional changes of fabrics after home laundering, [52][53][54][55] (Table 4).…”

Section: Testing According To Other Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Rotzler

Krshiwoblozki

Schuster

2021

Textile Research Journal

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Washability is seen as one of the main obstacles that stands in the way of a wider market success of e-textile products. So far, there are no standardized methods for wash testing of e-textiles and no protocols to comparably assess the washability of tested products. Thus, different e-textiles that are deemed equally washable by their developers might present with very different ranges of reliability after repeated washing. This paper presents research into current test practices in the absence of e-textile-specific standards. Different testing methods are compared and evaluated and the need for standardized testing, giving e-textile developers the tools to comparably communicate and evaluate their products’ washability, is emphasized.

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Section: Testing According To Other Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Rotzler

Krshiwoblozki

Schuster

2021

Textile Research Journal

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“…Currently, mass production of knitted e-textiles has been unsuccessful at this point (Stephanie Rodgers, Director of Product Research and Development at Apex Mills and Co-founder of Textile Foundry, personal communication via IPC conference, September 13, 2018). Xu [11] identified e-textile deformation and conductivity change under a variety of wear conditions, including abrasion, laundering, perspiration, and strain. These results show great challenges in the physical wearablity and care (launderability) of e-textiles currently available on the market.…”

Section: Evolution Of Technology and Apparelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fashion, Technology and Health: Future Directions for the Apparel Industry

Eike

Bakhshian

2018

TTEFT

Self Cite

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This review briefly analyzes fashion, technology, and health-related observations in industries to make suggestions for the future direction of growth for apparel and product development. This article highlights technology-embedded apparel and textile products currently presented in the market or made known via web promotion or conference exhibition. Many of these textile products are primarily associated with health care and fitness-related intentions -showing support and direction of health and technology for a future scope in fashion and apparel industries. The objective of this review was to identify challenges associated with 'smart' textile production, reference examples of technology integration in textile-based wearables and make recommendations for the design and development direction of future apparel products.

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“…[ 6 ] The functions of electronic devices composed of E‐textiles include sensors for monitoring physical parameters (e.g., temperature, [ 7 ] humidity, [ 8 ] strain, [ 9 ] and pressure [ 10 ] ) and biological signals (e.g., heart rate, [ 11 ] respiration, [ 12 ] and the composition of sweat [ 13 ] ); energy storage [ 14 ] and energy harvesting devices; [ 15 ] and signal transmission and communication systems. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat Yarn Fabric Substrates for Screen‐Printed Conductive Textiles

et al. 2020

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Wearable technology has been evolving from rigid electronic accessories toward soft and flexible electronic components that can be seamlessly integrated into a garment. [1] This new generation of wearables requires electronic textiles (E-textiles) to have enhanced comfort for the wearer with high flexibility and conformability which is similar to the properties of conventional textiles. E-textiles have received considerable interest due to their potential applicability in a variety of wearable clothing, such as sportswear, [2] military uniforms, [3] firefighting garments, [4] health-care products, [5] and tracking systems. [6] The functions of electronic devices composed of E-textiles include sensors for monitoring physical parameters (e.g., temperature, [7] humidity, [8] strain, [9] and pressure [10]) and biological signals (e.g., heart rate, [11] respiration, [12] and the composition of sweat [13]); energy storage [14] and energy harvesting devices; [15] and signal transmission and communication systems. [16] To achieve textiles with electronic functionalities, it is crucial to introduce electrically conductive materials such as metals, although the introduction of semiconducting and insulating materials may also be necessary depending on the intended application. Recently, aluminum, one of the metal conductors, has shown the potential to replace expensive metals such as silver and gold in E-textile applications. [17] There are two main approaches for patterning conductive materials on textile substrates, namely, utilizing conductive inks or suspensions (e.g., screen printing, inkjet printing, dispensing, and spray coating) [18] and using conductive yarns (e.g., embroidery, knitting, Jacquard weaving, and stitching). [19] Embroidery is one of the most popular methods for applying conductive yarns to a fabric substrate. Using this additive process, conductive lines or areas can be patterned on conventional nonconducting fabrics such as cotton and polyester, which is an advantage over knitting and Jacquard weaving. The embroidery process, however, is time-consuming and depending on the yarn thickness, there may be difficulties in obtaining a high resolution when filling in large areas. Furthermore, the embroidered area often has a thick and rigid structure, which degrades the flexibility and stretchability of the final wearable device. Direct-printing processes, such as inkjet printing and dispensing, utilizing conductive inks or suspensions have also been intensively studied for the fabrication of conductive patterns because they make it possible to produce various patterns with extremely high resolution. However, direct printing has a similar disadvantage to embroidery as the rates of these processes rely

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Durability testing of electronic textile surface resistivity and textile antenna performance

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Review of Fashion, Technology and Health: Future Directions for the Apparel Industry

Flat Yarn Fabric Substrates for Screen‐Printed Conductive Textiles

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