No abstract

IMPORTANCEThe genetic basis of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese individuals is not fully understood.OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic basis of BD in the Han Chinese population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA genome-wide association study (GWAS), followed by independent replication, was conducted to identify BD risk loci in Han Chinese individuals. Individuals with BD were diagnosed based on DSM-IV criteria and had no history of schizophrenia, mental retardation, or substance dependence; individuals without any personal or family history of mental illnesses, including BD, were included as control participants. In total, discovery samples from 1822 patients and 4650 control participants passed quality control for the GWAS analysis. Replication analyses of samples from 958 patients and 2050 control participants were conducted. Summary statistics from the European Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2 (PGC2) BD GWAS (20 352 cases and 31 358 controls) were used for the trans-ancestry genetic correlation analysis, polygenetic risk score analysis, and meta-analysis to compare BD genetic risk between Han Chinese and European individuals. The study was performed in February 2020.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Single-nucleotide variations with P < 5.00 × 10 −8 were considered to show genome-wide significance of statistical association. RESULTS The HanChinese discovery GWAS sample included 1822 cases (mean [SD] age, 35.43 [14.12] years; 838 [46%] male) and 4650 controls (mean [SD] age, 27.48 [5.97] years; 2465 [53%] male), and the replication sample included 958 cases (mean [SD] age, 37.82 [15.54] years; 412 [43%] male) and 2050 controls (mean [SD] age, 27.50 [6.00] years; 1189[58%] male). A novel BD risk locus in Han Chinese individuals was found near the gene encoding transmembrane protein 108 (TMEM108, rs9863544; P = 2.49 × 10 −8 ; odds ratio [OR], 0.650; 95% CI, 0.559-0.756), which is required for dendritic spine development and glutamatergic transmission in the dentate gyrus. Trans-ancestry genetic correlation estimation (ρ ge = 0.652, SE = 0.106; P = 7.30 × 10 −10 ) and polygenetic risk score analyses (maximum liability-scaled Nagelkerke pseudo R 2 = 1.27%; P = 1.30 × 10 −19 ) showed evidence of shared BD genetic risk between Han Chinese and European populations, and meta-analysis identified 2 new GWAS risk loci near VRK2 (rs41335055; P = 4.98 × 10 −9 ; OR, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.804-0.897) and RHEBL1 (rs7969091; P = 3.12 × 10 −8 ; OR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.909-0.956).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This GWAS study identified several loci and genes involved in the heritable risk of BD, providing insights into its genetic architecture and biological basis.

Although several patterning methods, such as lithography, spray-masking and laser cutting, have been used for facile fabrication of those devices, the complicated processing and excessive material consumption in these protocols limit the scalable production of flexible devices. [4] So far, it remains a significant challenge to achieve multifunctional devices such as EMI shielding, [5] Joule heater, [6] sensor, [7][8][9] radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, [10] and energy storage unit [11] by using simple and low-cost methods. In addition, seeking a suitable material is vital to develop and design high-performance multifunctional devices in low cost.Recent progress in liquid-phase exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has highlighted the rational design of functional inks for additive manufacturing of high-performance devices with complex architectures based on printing strategies, such as screen printing, gravure printing and inkjet printing. [12] Screen printing among them is of critical importance to manufacture integrated multifunctional devices by formulating functional inks, without using expensive and complicate equipment. [13] Specially, screen printing provides the highest deposition rate (per unit time deposition material weight) than other printing technologies. [14] One of the main challenges lies in formulation of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties, which are prerequisite for screenprinting multifunctional devices with high resolution. [15,16] As a new family of 2D layered transition metal carbides or nitrides, MXenes have become promising candidate for formulation of printable inks because of their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. [17] Generally, MXenes are usually synthesized by selectively etching A layer in the precursor of MAX phase. They can be represented by M n+1 X n T x , where M is the early transition metal, X stands for carbon and/ or nitrogen, and T x represents the terminal hydroxyl, oxygen, or fluorine groups. [18,19] As a result, MXenes offer solution processing capabilities owing to their superior hydrophilicity and high negative surface charge. [20] Clay-like behavior of MXene slurry and the formation of stable colloidal suspension have thus facilitated the fabrication of conducting films, nanocomposites, coatings and fibers for applications in energy MXenes have exhibited potential for application in flexible devices owing to their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Printing strategies have emerged as a facile route for additive manufacturing of MXene-based devices, which relies on the rational design of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties. Herein, aqueous MXene/xanthan gum hybrid inks with tunable viscosity, excellent printability, and long-term stability are designed. Screen-printed flexible MXene films using such hybrid inks exhibit a high conductivity up to 4.8 × 10 4 S m −1 , which is suitable to construct multifunctional devices mainly including electromagnetic shield...

The effect of five constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28 and 32°C) on the development, survival and reproduction of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes fed on Aleuroglyphus ovatus Toupeau (Acari: Acaridae) was examined in the laboratory at 85% relative humidity. Development time of different immature stages decreased with increasing temperature, total egg-to-adult development time varied from 5.0 ± 0.13 to 17.5 ± 0.29 days. The lower thermal threshold for development was 9.7 ± 2.48°C and the thermal constant from egg to adult was 111.1 ± 12.34 degree-days. Pre- and post-oviposition period and female longevity all shortened as temperature increased. The longest oviposition period was observed at 24°C with 20.4 ± 1.13 days. At 20, 24, 28 and 32°C, mated females laid on average 0.7 ± 0.08, 1.5 ± 0.04, 1.6 ± 0.11 and 1.5 ± 0.11 eggs per day, respectively, but no eggs were laid at 16°C. Both the maximum fecundity (30.9 eggs per female) and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r (m) = 0.166) were obtained at 28°C. The results of this study indicated that a mass rearing of N. barkeri with A. ovatus as prey is feasible at the appropriate temperature.