Background The efficacy and safety of PCSK-9 inhibitors were confirmed by several clinical trials, but its effectiveness in routine clinical practice in China is unknown. Objective To describe the real world effectiveness of initiated with PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins compared with statins among patients with very high risk of ASCVD and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This is a prospective study, enrolled patients from 32 hospitals between January to June 2019. The lipid control rate and incidence of cardiovascular events over 6 months were compared between two groups. A propensity score-matched analysis was used to balance two groups on confounding factors. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods was applied for cardiovascular events. Results In a total of 3063 patients, 89.91% had received moderate or high-intensity statin therapy before PCI, but only 9.47% had LDL levels below 1.4mmol/L at baseline. In the PSM selected patients, LDL level was reduced by 42.57% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 30.81% (P<0.001) in statins group after 6 months. The proportion of LDL[?]1.0mmol/L increased from 5.29% to 29.26% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 0.23% to 6.11% in statins group, and the proportion of LDL[?]1.4mmol/L increased from 10.36% to 47.69% and 2.99% to 18.43% (P<0.001 for both). PCSK-9 inhibitor significantly reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events versus statins treatment (2.07% vs 8.29%, HR, 0.24, 95% CI, 0.12-0.51). Conclusion In the real world, PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins could significantly reduce LDL levels and risk of cardiovascular events among patients with very high risk of ASCVD.
If the measurand changes during the spectrum acquisition process, it easily leads to the failure of the classic demodulation algorithms of low-finesse optical fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) sensors. To address this problem, a novel demodulation model is proposed based on the definition of the instantaneous frequency. The proposed model establishes the relationship between the optical path length (OPL) of the FP cavity and the instantaneous frequency distribution of the FP interference spectrum. The link between the classic FFT algorithm and this model is discussed, and it is found that this model can be viewed as a generalized form of the FFT algorithm. Based on this model, the Doppler-induced demodulation error is analyzed. The analysis uncovers that the average frequency of the FP interference spectrum should be used for the evaluation of the error, and the error is proportional to the variation of OPL during the spectrum acquisition period. Further, numerical simulation and an experiment were carried out to verify the proposed model, and results show that the proposed model is effective for the dynamic low-finesse FP cavity. It is the first time that the idea of instantaneous frequency is introduced for the FP demodulation, and this model provides us a new way to cope with the FP sensing signal.
We consider a model consisting of three two-level atoms in a heavily damped cavity. We show that the quantum-jump-based feedback can be used to generate a steady entangled state of three atoms against decoherence. When the feedback acts on just one of the atoms, it can protect a maximally entangled state of other two atoms. When the feedback acts on three atoms, by choosing appropriate parameters we can obtain a decoherence-free subspace spanned by two vectors, and by using quantum trajectory Monte Carlo wave function method we find that the maximally entangled state of three atoms in this decoherence-free subspace can be obtained for some specific initial conditions.
The Doppler effect of frequency-swept interferometry (FSI) is often seen as an obstacle to the dynamic ranging accuracy. However, the potential of this obstacle is rarely noticed and used. In this paper, by combining the periodical characteristics of the rotational Doppler effect, an FSI-based multi-parameter measurement method for the rotor is proposed. Through the establishment of the rotational Doppler formula of FSI, it is found that the frequency, direct component, and amplitude of the dynamic distance given by FSI can be utilized to estimate the angular velocity, axial clearance, and tilt angle of the rotor, respectively. A rotor platform and a fiber-optic FSI system were constructed, and a series of experiments were carried out to verify the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the relative errors of the measured axial clearance, angular velocity, and tilt angle were less than 3.5%. This work provides a new perspective on the multi-parameter measurement of the rotor and makes it possible to directly perform multi-parameter measurement inside the space-confined rotating machinery as only a single small-size fiber-optic probe is needed.
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