The performance of Cloud systems is a key concern, but has typically been assessed by the comparison of relatively few Cloud systems, and often on the basis of just one or two features of performance. In this paper, we discuss the evaluation of four different Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud systems -from Amazon, Rackspace, and IBM -alongside a private Cloud installation of OpenStack, using a set of five so-called micro-benchmarks to address key aspects of such systems. The results from our evaluation are offered on a web portal with dynamic data visualization. We find that there is not only variability in performance by provider, but also variability, which can be substantial, in the performance of virtual resources that are apparently of the same specification. On this basis, we can suggest that performance-based pricing schemes would seem to be more appropriate than fixed-price schemes, and this would offer much greater potential for the Cloud Economy.
Numerous human actions such as “Phoning,” “PlayingGuitar,” and “RidingHorse” can be inferred by static cue-based approaches even if their motions in video are available considering one single still image may already sufficiently explain a particular action. In this research, we investigate human action recognition in still images and utilize deep ensemble learning to automatically decompose the body pose and perceive its background information. Firstly, we construct an end-to-end NCNN-based model by attaching the nonsequential convolutional neural network (NCNN) module to the top of the pretrained model. The nonsequential network topology of NCNN can separately learn the spatial- and channel-wise features with parallel branches, which helps improve the model performance. Subsequently, in order to further exploit the advantage of the nonsequential topology, we propose an end-to-end deep ensemble learning based on the weight optimization (DELWO) model. It contributes to fusing the deep information derived from multiple models automatically from the data. Finally, we design the deep ensemble learning based on voting strategy (DELVS) model to pool together multiple deep models with weighted coefficients to obtain a better prediction. More importantly, the model complexity can be reduced by lessening the number of trainable parameters, thereby effectively mitigating overfitting issues of the model in small datasets to some extent. We conduct experiments in Li’s action dataset, uncropped and 1.5x cropped Willow action datasets, and the results have validated the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed models in terms of mitigating overfitting issues in small datasets. Finally, we open source our code for the model in GitHub (https://github.com/yxchspring/deep_ensemble_learning) in order to share our model with the community.
A core-shell model that accounts for surface effects is suggested to investigate the postbuckling behavior of nanowires. The corresponding critical load, buckling wavenumber and amplitude incorporated in the surface effects are analytically derived. The results demonstrate that the surface effects have a strong influence on the buckling amplitude of each order. This study can not only shed light on the postbuckling of nanowires but also provide an method for measuring the physical parameters of nanowires used in nano-devices.
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