Small molecules that can selectively target cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain rare currently and exhibit no common structural features. Here we report a series of guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones (GSLs) and their derivatives that can selectively eradicate acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stem or progenitor cells. Natural GSL compounds arglabin, an anticancer clinical drug, and micheliolide (MCL), are able to reduce the proportion of AML stem cells (CD34⁺CD38⁻) in primary AML cells. Targeting of AML stem cells is further confirmed by a sharp reduction of colony-forming units of primary AML cells upon MCL treatment. Moreover, DMAMCL, the dimethylamino Michael adduct of MCL, slowly releases MCL in plasma and in vivo and demonstrates remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency AML models. These findings indicate that GSL is an ample source for chemical agents against AML stem or progenitor cells and that GSL is potentially highly useful to explore anti-CSC approaches.
Background: The purpose of this study is to explore whether 3D printing has a better clinical value for making a preoperative plan than three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy.Methods: We collected a total of 124 patients' clinical data who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy from October 2017 to August 2018. According to the preoperative examination, the patients were divided into three groups: general group, 3D-CT group, and 3D printing group. The clinical data of each group were analyzed and compared.Results: Compared with the general group, intraoperative blood loss in 3D-CT group and 3D printing group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Operation time in 3D-CT group and 3D printing group was significantly shorter than in the general group (P<0.05). Between 3D-CT group and 3D printing group intraoperative blood loss and operation time had no significant differences (P>0.05). Postoperative chest tube duration and postoperative hospital stay had no significant differences between each group P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative hemoptysis in the general group occurred higher than in the 3D-CT group and 3D printing group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Postoperative complications of pneumonia, atelectasis, and pulmonary air leakage (>6 d) had no significant differences between each group (P>0.05).Conclusions: 3D printing and 3D-CT for making a preoperative plan have an equivalent effect in thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy for experienced surgeons. Preoperative simulations using 3D printing for the assessment of pulmonary vessel and bronchi branching patterns is beneficial for the safe and efficient performance of thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy.
Terahertz radiation with a Bessel beam profile is demonstrated experimentally from a two-color laser filament in air, which is induced by tailored femtosecond laser pulses with an axicon. The temporal and spatial distributions of Bessel rings of the terahertz radiation are retrieved after being collected in the far field. A theoretical model is proposed, which suggests that such Bessel terahertz pulses are produced due to the combined effects of the inhomogeneous superluminal filament structure and the phase change of the two-color laser components inside the plasma channel. These two effects lead to wavefront crossover and constructive/destructive interference of terahertz radiation from different plasma sources along the laser filament, respectively. Compared with other methods, our technique can support the generation of Bessel pulses with broad spectral bandwidth. Such Bessel pulses can propagate to the far field without significant spatial spreading, which shall provide new opportunities for terahertz applications.
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