A safety and efficiency much superior to that of its isolated and pure active components 1 .The most important of these bioactive constituents which are mainly secondary metabolites are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and essential oils which have antimicrobial properties 2, 3. Increasing microbial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms against antibiotics, natural substances isolated from plants are considered as promising
The evaluation of plant products on the basis of medicinal and therapeutic properties forms a platform for the discovery of newer drug molecules from different plant sources. To compare antidiabetic effect between two ethanolic extracts of selected plants locally available in Bobbili region, Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To compare anti-diabetic study, experimental rats were divided into five groups viz. Group I (Control), Group II (Diabetic, Streptozotocin, 50mg/kg bwt, i.p.), Group III (Diabetic with Glibenclamide(4mg/kg)), Group IV (Diabetic with Origanum majorana) and Group V (Diabetic with Indigofera linnaei Ali). Both plants extracts were supplemented with same dose i.e. 100mg/kg b.wt, orally. The blood glucose levels, lipid profile, body weight were evaluated in all above experimental groups before and after diabetes induction in 21 days pharmacological evaluation. Significantly decreased blood glucose level and simultaneously improved lipid profile and body weight in Group IV rats after oral administration of ethanol extract whereas in Group V rats are showing less effect compare to Group IV rats. Both the plant extracts effect compare with Group II and Group III rats statistically.Origanum majorana shows better antidiabetic activity because the leaf contain huge amount of antidiabetic phytoconstituents like rutin and quercetin flavonoids. In Indigofera linnaei Ali whole plant ethanol extract also shows antidiabetic activity because it contains kaempferol like important antidiabetic active constituents. Origanum majorana and Indigofera linnaei Ali plants may be used as a dietary supplement in diabetic patients. Further study is required to evaluate the antidiabetic activity.
Sugar diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is an unhumorous physicalcomplication with incessantly growing rates of prevalence and loss of life. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period due to insufficient insulin and insulin resistance, or both, leading to disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and proteins metabolism. The eminent objective of this work was to find out the anti-diabetic activity of Croton bonplandianum Baill in Streptozotocin induced diabetes on Wistar rats. The method of anti-diabetic effect of ethanol leaf extract of Croton bonplandianum Baill (50,100,200mg/kg body weight) were administered orally in diabetic rats. After the oral administration of such ethanol leaf extract the blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In consequence it was observe that extract was significantly reduced blood glucose level.Simultaneously the action of the extract on diabetes induced hyperlipidemia was examined where it notably decreased the elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level while increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL). Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug at a dose of 4 mg/kg.
Background: A pharmaceutical will be clinically accepted if it is impurity-free and its dose is accurately maintained. For this, analytical techniques' contribution for developing and validating a new pharmaceutical dosage form cannot be overlooked. Introduction: Tolterodine tartrate is a potent competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. It binds to the muscarinic M3 receptors in the bladder selectively and competitively. It is used to treat urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. The 5-hydroxymethyl derivative is the pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine tartrate, which is as potent as the main drug. It is available with α-adrenergic blocker Tamsulosin in combined pharmaceutical formulations, treating benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. This review article presents several analytical methods, including HPLC, HPTLC, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Spectrofluorimetry, Electroanalytical, and various Hyphenated techniques like GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-MS-MS, etc., for estimation of Tolterodine tartrate as a single or in combined in bulk material, different pharmaceutical formulations, and biological matrices. Conclusion: HPLC and spectrophotometry are the most widely used methods for determining the drug in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form among all these methods. LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are widely used for the estimation of Tolterodine tartrate from plasma and other biological fluids. All these methods included in this article are accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective.
Background: The exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is still a matter to debate, currently there is no reliable therapy established for Alzheimer’s disease. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that the use of plant based phytoconstituents mainly delays the onset of Alzheimer. So, in this review, we collect information about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis and neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents. Objective: This review paper aimed to analyze the current pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and the therapeutic effect of plant phytoconstituents that play a vital role in neuroprotective and antistress activities in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: The source of literature review obtained from Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, web of science database, and journal by using Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid beta, flavonoids, alkaloids are important part of these review research. Results: The current review explored the different types of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer’s disease and the role of phytoconstituents in treatment of it. The collected information showed that plant based constituents inhibit the major cause of Alzheimer’s disease related to amyloid beta, tau protein, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation etc. Conclusion: The study provide the clue for the investigation of eminent bioactive constituents may serves as an alternative candidate against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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