This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the thermal characteristics of flat-micro heat pipes (FMHPs) with multi-heat sources and sinks. Analytical solutions of the pressure and the temperature distributions of FMHPs with multi-heat sources and sinks were obtained based on the modified liquid pressure drop. The solutions were used to identify the key engineering parameters of a mesh wick with microscale length that affect the maximum heat transfer rate of the FMHPs with multi-heat sources and sinks. The effects of the key engineering parameters on the maximum heat transfer rate of the FMHPs were presented for two limits. The first limit is the capillary limit and the other is the allowable maximum temperature limit which is used to ensure that the maximum surface temperature of the FMHP with the maximum heat transfer rate calculated at the capillary limit does not exceed the allowable maximum temperature of the electronic components. Finally, the theoretically results for the optimized wick structure for the corresponding maximum heat transfer rate and the surface temperature distribution of the FMHP were compared for the capillary limit only and for the maximum temperature limit cases, respectively.
A nozzle with vortex generator was used to develop the low pressure nozzle with high atomization performance and the nozzle atomized the liquid by centrifugal shear forces. In order to analyze the atomization characteristics, a shadowgraphy method was used and the measurement of droplet size was performed by using laser diffraction analyzer. The liquid injection pressure was fixed as 0.03 bar which is very low pressure and the gas injection pressures were changed from 0 bar to 2.0 bar. As a result, the breakup was achieved at the air injection pressure of 0.25 bar and over. The nozzle with the orifice diameter of 0.4 mm and the orifice gap of 0.25 mm presented small droplet diameters under 50 at the air injection pressure of 0.75 bar.
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