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A large proportion of schwannomas are found in the head and neck region. Schwannoma located within the larynx however is uncommon. The characteristic features, clinical presentations, treatment and the outcomes of patients with laryngeal schwannoma are therefore not clearly understood. The aim of this comprehensive review is to compile, analyze and present the details to develop a consensus and augment the available literature on laryngeal schwannoma. A comprehensive literature search on laryngeal schwannoma was performed on PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Science Citation Index using MeSH words. A total of 55 patients were reviewed in this study. 40.7 % of the tumours arose from the aryepiglottic fold or arytenoids. Other areas where tumours were found included the false cord, true vocal cord, epiglottis, subglottis, piriform sinus and the post cricoid area. 64.9 % patients presented with dysphonia. Others typically present with multiple symptoms related to the mass effect and location of the tumour. All patients were managed surgically with different techniques and approaches. Majority of patients were alive with no residual disease. There were five recurrences and no mortality to date. Schwannoma within the larynx can present with a variety of symptoms. Surgical excision remained as the treatment of choice with good overall prognosis.

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Tuberculosis is an opportunistic infection with protean clinical manifestations. We describe a case of Ruxolitinib induced miliary tuberculosis presenting as a neck lump. A 78-year-old female presented with a two-month history of right-sided neck lump associated with fever, night sweats, and significant weight loss. She had a past medical history that included myelofibrosis, being treated with Ruxolitinib. Examination demonstrated 4 × 4 cm right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy. A chest radiograph showed extensive shadowing in both lungs. CT scan demonstrated perilymphatic nodes in addition to the cervical mass. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of a cervical lymph node demonstrated confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It was hypothesized that use of Ruxolitinib through its selective inhibition of Janus-activated kinases 1 and 2 resulted in immunosuppression and miliary tuberculosis in this patient. The medication was stopped and a 12-month regime of antituberculosis therapy commenced. She remained well at one-year follow-up with resolution of lung involvement. Clinicians should consider tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with a neck lump, particularly in those taking immunosuppressant medication such as Ruxolitinib. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to promptly treat the tuberculosis and consider discontinuation of Ruxolitinib.

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This novel approach to nasal obstruction can provide good long-term functional results for patients suffering from nasal obstruction.

Background Literature on bone marrow carcinomatosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is sparse. This work aims to augment understanding on its characteristic features, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcomes. Methods Comprehensive literature review of all published cases of metastasis of HNSCC to the bone marrow with regard to clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and survival outcomes of this disease. Each of these factors is discussed forming an up‐to‐date review on the subject. Results Eight case reports were identified, seven males and one female with an age range of 35‒64 years. Primary sites were from the oral cavity (n = 4), oropharynx (n = 3) and supraglottis (n = 1). Six were stage four disease with nodal involvement, one case stage two and one case with unknown staging. Two of the oropharyngeal cancers were p16 positive, and one p16 status was not documented. Five patients presented with back pain, two patients had ecchymoses with bleeding, and one presented with sepsis and thrombocytopaenia. Three patients had proven disseminated intravascular coagulation. Four patients were treated with palliative chemoradiotherapy, one had palliative radiotherapy, one had radiotherapy and dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy, and two died from the disease prior to any treatment. Various facets of presentation and management are discussed. Conclusion Bone marrow carcinomatosis from HNSCC is rare. It can present with a variety of non‐specific symptoms, and a high index of suspicion is required to be able to diagnose the condition promptly. Aggressive chemotherapy is the treatment of choice but prognosis remains poor.