Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) frequency, phylogeny and associated pathology in cats in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods Samples from sick (n = 96) and dead ( n = 15) cats were analysed using reverse transcription PCR. Blood and urine analyses and histopathology were also performed. Results FmoPV RNA was detected in six cats (5.4%), including three sick (in the urine) and three dead cats (tissues). A significantly greater proportion of FmoPV RNA-positive cats had street access compared with non-infected cats. Blood samples from the morbillivirus-positive cats were negative for morbillivirus RNA. Tubular parenchymal cells, lymphoid and plasma cells in kidney and hepatocytes, lymphoid and plasma cells in liver from dead cats were also positive by immunohistochemistry for the viral N protein. Two FmoPV-positive cats were also positive for feline coronavirus RNA and one cat for feline immunodeficiency virus RNA and feline leukaemia virus proviral DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the six FmoPV-positive cats showed that the strains were grouped into cluster D and had high similarity (98.5-100%) with strains from Japan and Germany. In the three FmoPV RNA-positive sick cats, respiratory, urinary and digestive system signs were observed as well as weight loss, fever and depression in some cats. Similar clinical signs were also seen in the morbillivirus RNA-negative sick cats. FmoPV RNA-positive cats had lower median red blood cell count, haemoglobin, albumin, albumin/globulin and urobilinogen and higher alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin compared with non-infected cats. Significant histopathology of FmoPV RNA-positive dead cats included tubulointerstitial nephritis characterised by severe granular and vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells of the cortical and medullary tubules as well as mononuclear cell infiltrates. Widespread lymphoid cell infiltrates were detected in the renal cortex and medullary regions of the kidneys. Cellular infiltration, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis in the liver were also found. Although virus-infected cells were found in the kidney and liver of FmoRV RNA-positive cats, tubulointerstitial nephritis, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis seen in FmoRV RNA-positive cats were similar to those observed in FmoRV RNA-negative cats. Conclusions and relevance This is the first study to show the presence of FmoPV infection in cats in Turkey. Sick cats, particularly those with kidney disease, should be tested for this virus. The genotypes found in this study were similar to previously reported strains, indicating that circulating morbilliviruses in Turkey are conserved.
The presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), together with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen was investigated in 169 ill household and stray cats attending a veterinary surgery in Istanbul in 2009-14. The estimated FCoV and FIV seroprevalence (95% confidence intervals) were 37% (30-45%) and 11% (6-16%), respectively and FeLV prevalence was 1% (0-3%). FCoV seroprevalence increased until 2 years of age, was highest in 2014 and among household cats living with other cats and with outdoor access, and was lower in FIV seropositive compared to seronegative cats. Symptoms typically associated with wet feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) including ascites, abdominal distention or pleural effusion, coupled in many cases with non-antibiotic responsive fever, were observed in 19% (32/169) of cats, and 75% (24/32) of these cats were FCoV seropositive. FCoV seropositivity was also associated with a high white blood cell count, high plasma globulin, low plasma albumin and low blood urea nitrogen. The percentage of FCoV seropositive and seronegative cats that died in spite of supportive veterinary treatment was 33% (21/63) and 12% (13/106), respectively. These results indicate that FCoV is widespread and has a severe clinical impact in cats from Istanbul. Moreover, the incidence of FCoV infections could be rising, and in the absence of effective vaccination cat owners need to be made aware of ways to minimize the spread of this virus.
Background: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets placed around the Kucukcekmece lake Avcilar, Istanbul, in spring seasons of 2016 and 2018. In total, 297 birds belonging to 42 different species were trapped, categorized according to species and sex, and flocked oropharyngeal swabs were collected. In addition, flocked swabs were also collected from 115 mallards caught by hunters around Edirne and from 207 birds which had been treated in the Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul university-Cerrahpasa. Tissue samples were taken from dead wild birds brought by public to Veterinary Faculty. A total of 619 flocked oropharyngeal swabs were pooled into 206 samples. RNA was extracted from swabs and tissue samples. Real-time RT-PCR prob. assay was used to detect NDV-RNA in samples. Results: There was no amplification in real time RT-PCR in samples taken from wild birds caught by traps. However, amplification of NDV-F gene was observed in oropharyngeal swabs taken from 2 waterfowls (Common Moorhen and Mallard), and in tissue samples taken from 2 little owls and 1 common kestrel. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these 5 samples for NDV-F gene showed great similarity with NDV subgenotype VII.2 viruses. Analysis also showed that there is a high similarity with the F gene sequences previously reported from Turkey in 2012 and as well as the sequences from neighbouring countries Bulgaria and Georgia and geographically close country such as Pakistan. Although the strains found in this study are closely related, there is a relatively small degree of molecular divergence within 543 bp of F gene of the Turkish NDV isolate and strains detected in Israel, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates and Belgium. Conclusions: Our findings revealed the presence of subgenotype VII.2 of NDVs in wild birds in north west of Turkey and demonstrated some degree of molecular evolution when compared to the earlier NDV-VII.2 isolate in Turkey.
değişiklikleri ile ilgili yönetmelikler kapsamında, insan, hayvan ve çevre sağlığını iyileştirmeye yönelik olarak kurumların bilimsel ve teknolojik imkanlarından faydalanarak sahipsiz köpeklerin rehabilitasyonu ve viral enfeksiyon proflaksisinin sağlanmasıdır. 12 aylık çalışma kapsamında, Osmaniye ilinde yaşayan 296 sahipsiz köpekten 259'una rehabilitasyon uygulandı. Hastalık görülen 106 köpekten 77'de (%72,6) viral antijen saptandı ve hematolojik ve serolojik muayeneler yapılarak tedavi uygulandı. Köpeklerden 47'sinde (%44,3) Canine Parvovirüs (CPV), 9'da (%8,5) Canine Distemper Virüs (CDV),21'de (%19,8) Canine Coronavirüs (CCoV) ve 11'de (10,4) CPV ve CCoV koenfeksiyonu saptandı. Tüm köpeklere profilaktik ekto-ve endoparaziter tedavi uygulandı. Sağlıklı ve tedavi sonrası iyileşen 255 köpeğe Kuduz, CPV, CDV, Canine Adenovirus Tip-1 ve Tip-2 (CAV-1 ve CAV-2), Canine Parainfluenza Virüs (CPIV-2) ve Leptospira spp. enfeksiyonlarına karşı koruyucu aşılama uygulandı. 36 köpek sahipledirildi, 206'sı kayıtsızdı ve kulak küpesi ile mikroçip takılarak kayıt altına alındı, aktif olan 189'u kısırlaştırıldı ve hepsi bulundukları yere geri bırakıldı. Bu sayede Osmaniye ilinde yaşayan köpeklerde viral enfeksiyon hastalıklarının araştırılması, hasta ve taşıyıcı hayvanların tespiti, tedavisi ve bölgesel enfeksiyon kontrolü için koruyucu aşı çalışması yapıldı. Kuduz hastalığı ölümcül bir zoonotik enfeksiyon olup sahipsiz hayvanların aşılanmaları rutin olarak ülke genelinde yaygın bir uygulamadır ve kanun ve yönetmelikler ile sağlanmaktadır. CPV-2, CDV, CAV-1 ve CAV-2, CPIV-2 ve Leptospira spp. aşıları köpekler için yapılması gerekli aşılardır (Core Vaccines) ancak sahipsiz köpeklerin aşılanması ve mikroçip uygulaması ülkemizde yaygın bir uygulama değildir. Bu çalışma sahipsiz köpeklerin refahının sağlanması açısından bir 'İyi Veteriner Hekimlik ve Hayvan Refahı' uygulamasıdır. Halk, hayvan ve çevre sağlığının iyileştirilmesi açısından bir 'Tek Sağlık' uygulamasıdır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma Osmaniye Belediyesinin "Mutlu Şehir" projesini desteklemiştir. Yerel Yönetim, Üniversite ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu işbirliği ile 12 ayda 255 sahipsiz köpeği rehabilite edilerek ve aşılanarak viral enfeksiyon profilaksisi sağlanmıştır.
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