Aim: Although it has been stated that composite resins should be used in the restoration of teeth after color shade selection, it has recently been stated that single-shade composite resins can be used for all tooth shades. The objective of our study is to evaluate the surface roughness and color change of single-shade composite resins compared with multi-shade system composite resins. Material and methods: In our study, samples (8 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) were obtained using single-shade (Omnichrorma) and multi-shade system (Filtek Universal Restorative, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Premium, Harmonize) composite resins. Two steps finishing and polishing system (Clearfil Twist Dia) was used in the finishing polishing processes of the samples. The initial roughness values of the samples were measured with a profilometer and color values with a spectrophotometer. Then, color measurements of the samples kept in coffee were made on the 1 st , 7 th and 30 th days and after the last polishing process. The surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE00) were statistically analyzed using two-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the initial surface roughness values of composite resins with single and multi-shade systems (p>0.05). Composite resin with single-shade system showed statistically significantly more color change than composite resin with multi-shade systems in all time periods (p<0.001). Although re-polishing these materials reduced the color changes, it could not decrease it below the acceptability threshold value (ΔE00:1.8). Conclusion: New generation single-shade composite resin with smart chromatic material technology can simplify color selection without sacrificing esthetic success. However, this composite resin shows more color changes than multi-shade systems composite resins.

Purpose: This study investigated discoloration and surface roughness (Ra) of resin-based computer aided design (CAD)/computer aided manufacturing (CAM) blocks and direct and indirect resin composites after staining with coffee. Materials & Methods: Using a Teflon mold, 60 disc shaped specimens (8×2 mm2) were fabricated from direct (Estelite Asteria and GrandioSO) and indirect (Gradia Plus) resin composites, and 30 resin CAD/CAM specimens (12×14×2 mm3) were prepared from resin composite CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic, Brilliant Crios, and Cerasmart) (n=10). A contact type profilometer was used to determine the Ra of all 60 polished samples. All specimens were thermocycled between 5 and 55°C for 3000 cycles, and immersed in coffee solution (37°C) for 1 and 7 days. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the color change (∆E00) with the CIEDE2000 formula after the specimens were re-polished. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test was performed to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: The lowest degree of discoloration among the materials tested was found in Vita Enamic resin CAD/CAM block (p<0.001), whereas the highest degree of discoloration was found in the Gradia Plus indirect composite (p<0.001). There was no significant difference was seen between the initial surface roughness values (Ra) among the groups (p=0.249). No significant improvement was observed in the color of the groups except for the Cerasmart resin block after after polishing. Conclusion: Direct resin composites have a higher discoloration potential over resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, whereas they are less prone to discoloration than indirect resin composites

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Purpose: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of wet and dry polishing systems on the resin composites’ surface roughness and color change. Materials and Methods: In the study, samples were prepared using nanoceramic (Ceram.x one) and nanohybrid (GrandioSO) resin composites. Two different finishing and polishing systems were used in the polishing of resin composites. Resin composite surfaces were finished and polished under wet and dry conditions. The initial surface roughness values (Ra) of the samples were measured using a profilometer, whereas the color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer. Then, the colors of the samples kept in coffee were measured on the 7th and 30th days. Surface roughness and color change values (ΔE00) were measured and statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test ( P < .05). Results: Wet or dry use of polishing systems did not show a statistically significant difference between the surface roughness values of the resin composite ( P < .05). Wet and dry use of polishing systems showed similar color changes on the composite resins ( P < .05). Diamond-containing spirals on composite resins showed statistically less color change than aluminum-oxide-containing discs ( P < .05). Wet or dry use of polishing systems did not reduce the color change of the composite resins below the acceptability threshold (AT). Conclusion: Wet or dry use of polishing systems on composite resins did not affect surface roughness and color change. The use of diamond-containing polishing spirals that cause less color change can increase clinical success.

Objective: The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p<0.05). Results: Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p>0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p<0.05). Conclusions: All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste.