No abstract
Smart home automation system is increasingly used due to the wide manufacturer brands and various available technologies. From a social point of view, residents are admitted to smart homes for comfort, luxury, improving quality of live, and for providing security against intrusion and burglars. Secondly, home automation is achieved using a single controller, monitoring and the controlling many interconnected appliances such as lights, power plugs, HVAC system, humidity and temperature sensors, gas, smoke and fire detectors, audio, video and home theater as well as security and emergency systems. Smart homes are cheap, low-power, cost effective, efficient, and realize the automation of a variety of domestic appliances using user-friendly interface as remote control or any other handheld devices. Elderly, handicapped patients, and people with disabilities who have problems with locomotion difficulty can benefit from this smart home to totally operate, with high performance, all appliances and devices from anywhere in the house. When a resident is living alone, the ubiquitous access becomes very important and it is realized by using XBee transceivers that maintain RF wireless communication between the remote control and the master control panel board.
Teachers are always frustrated with students and their use of cell phones during classroom. Texting, tweeting, and snap chatting during in class are an incredible distraction, resulting in a difficult teaching environment. In this paper, we pro-pose an innovative approach to encourage students to use effectively their smartphone in classroom. The main idea behind this is to develop an easy and friendly application related to the course that may be accompanied by the used textbook. The proposed application can be adapted easily to any textbook, where no coding is required.
Abstract-Nowadays solid waste is generated at an unprecedented rate due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. In the developing countries, recycling of useful materials from solid waste such as wood, plastic, glass and metal is severely constrained by limited door-to-door collection and poor means of waste sorting. Indeed, recovery of useful materials still relies on manual sorting, which is highly risky and hazardous for health. This paper details the design and implementation of an automated solid waste sorting system. The developed system is equipped with a programmable logic controller, an inductive proximity sensor, a capacitive proximity sensor, and a photoelectric sensor. Multi-sensor data fusion is used so that each material results in a different combination of sensor outputs. Once a material is identified, the controller makes a stepper motor rotate a defined angle to collect the material in its bin. Testing results show that the system is successful in sorting the four different materials.Keywords-Waste Sorting, Recycling, Programmable Logic Controller, Automation, Sensors I. INTRODUCTION One of the most serious environmental problems facing Lebanon nowadays is the spread of different kinds of wastes due to the increase of population and lack of sustainable waste management policies. It is estimated that 5.9 million are living in Lebanon, and studies indicate that about 2.55 million tons of waste are generated in Lebanon annually. This means that each person generates 0.8 to 1.2 kg of waste per day, and the quantity is increasing with an annual rate of 1.65% [1].Lebanon's garbage crisis results from many causes. First, there is a lack of long-term planning for waste management. It has been shown that 83% of the rural areas dispose of their wastes in dumps without taking any action for treating these wastes, while only 9% of urban wastes undergo sorting and recycling [2]. Also, the rapid population growth plays an important role in waste accumulation. Indeed, Lebanon's population is currently growing at around 1% per year. Moreover, its urbanization rate is expected to reach 86% in 2020, at which point its urban population will reach 4.1 million, with a total population exceeding 6 million in the next decade [3].Weak tax system is another aspect that leads to garbage problems. Since the growth rate is 1.65% every year, the wastes will be too much for what we can handle in Lebanon, and these taxes will be paid on how much garbage is produced by the household, such system will fund the environment programs in the country [4]. Also, the increasing number of Syrian refugees has a serious role in increasing wastes in Lebanon. According to research, municipalities are facing an increase of 30 to 40% of solid waste [5]. The municipal solid wastes produced in Lebanon are classified as follows: 52.5% are organic, 16% paper/cardboard, 11.5% plastic, 5.5% metal, 3.5% glass, and 11% others. These wastes are managed as follows: 15% are composted, 8% recycled, 48% landfilled and 29% openly dumped [1]. The rec...
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