A study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different planting systems, videlicet (viz.) flat, ridge, and raised bed system on growth, yield and quality of gladiolus and stock. Corms of 'Rose Supreme' and 'White Prosperity' gladiolus and seedlings of 'Cheerful White', 'Lucinda Dark Rose Double' and 'Lucinda Dark Rose Single' stock were planted on different planting systems in individual experiments for each species. Gladiolus had similar good quality production irrespective of planting systems with numerical superiority of ridge planting, which produced longer stems with higher stem fresh weight, but delayed corm sprouting by ca. 1 d compared to raised bed or flat planting system. Among cultivars, 'Rose Supreme' produced higher number of florets per spike, taller stems with longer spikes, higher fresh weight of stems and higher number of cormels than 'White Prosperity'. Stock plants grown on flat beds produced stems with greater stem length, leaf area and fresh weight of stems compared to ridge or raised bed planting systems. Plants grown on ridges produced the highest stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, total leaf chlorophyll contents, and number of flowers per spike. 'Cheerful White' and 'Lucinda Dark Rose Double' performed best by producing good quality stems in shorter period compared to 'Lucinda Dark Rose Single'. In summary, gladiolus should be grown on ridges, while stock may be planted on flat beds for higher yields of better quality flowers. Keywords: Gladiolus hybrids, Matthiola incana, flower quality, flat beds, ridge planting, yield. RESUMO SISTEMAS DE PLANTIO OTIMIZADOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE GLADÍOLOS DE CORTE E GOIVOEstudo foi conduzido para elucidar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de plantação, sistema de canteiro plano, cume e elevado no crescimento, rendimento e qualidade de gladíolos e goivo. Cormos de gladíolo 'Rose Supreme' e 'Prosperidade branca' e as mudas de goivo 'Cheerful White', 'Lucindra Dark Rose Double' e 'Lucindra Dark Rose Single' foram plantadas em diferentes sistemas de plantio em experimentos individuais para cada espécie. O Gladíolo teve produção de boa qualidade, independentemente dos sistemas de plantação com superioridade numérica do plantio de cume, que produziram hastes mais longas com maior peso fresco do caule, mas atrasaram a brotação dos cormos por ca. de 1 d, em comparação com canteiro levantado ou plantio plano. Entre as cultivares, «Rose Supreme» produziu maior número de floretes por espiga, hastes mais altas com espigas mais longas, maior peso fresco de hastes e maior número de cormos do que 'White Prosperity'. As plantas de goivo cultivadas em canteiros planos produziram hastes com maior comprimento de haste, área foliar e peso fresco de hastes em comparação com sistemas de plantação de cume ou canteiro levantado. As plantas cultivadas em cristas produziram o maior diâmetro do caule, número de folhas por planta, conteúdo total de clorofila foliar e número de flores por espiga. ‹Cheerful White› e ‹Lucindra Dark Rose Double› apresentaram o melhor de...
The rise in global population, urbanization, and desertification pushes the farming community toward intensive cropping to meet the augmented food demands with consequent exhaustion of soil’s nutritional status and fertility. In recent times, environmental pollution and cost of crop production have been enhanced due to excessive and inefficient use of nitrogenous fertilizers. As an abatement strategy, seven different coated urea fertilizers, namely, gelatin-coated (G), zinc oxide with gelatin-coated (ZnOG), zinc oxide-coated (ZnO), sonicated zinc oxide-coated (ZnO-Son), zinc oxide with molasses-coated (ZnOM), zinc sulfate with molasses-coated (ZnSM), and zinc sulfate-coated (ZnS) were prepared in a fluidized bed coater. The coated samples were characterized through XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques, while a crushing strength test was carried out to assess the impact of inventory operations on physical integrity of coated prills. Pot tests with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as a test crop were carried out to evaluate the effect of coated urea fertilizers on yield and nitrogen (N) and zinc uptake in order to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and reduce pollution. Our results suggest that the affinity between urea surface and coating materials was of physical nature. All zinc oxide- or gelatin-coated treatments significantly increased the dry matter yield, nitrogen uptake, apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR), zinc uptake, and apparent zinc recovery (AZnR). ZnOG was proved to be the best sample in terms of balancing soil chemical properties with improved soil nutrition and producing best with plant yield (94% higher than UC), N uptake (75% higher than UC), Zn uptake (450% higher than UC), and nitrogen use efficiency (48 vs. 23% for UC). Our results suggest that the use of such coated fertilizers can lead to improve yields, nutritional values of crops, and overall agro-ecological scenario.
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