Aim of the study: To develop a method to optimize the pesticide dose considering the combined influence of plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment on bioefficacy. Area of study: Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Material and methods: A controlled droplet applicator generated droplets from 200 to 50 μm. The target leaf's deposition density of a preset droplet size can be controlled by timing the spray. A sequence of bioassays was performed at various droplet densities at each pesticide (imidachloprid 17.8% SL) dose and droplet size to determine the mortality of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and jassids (Amrasca biguttula) feeding on immature cotton plants. Calculating the number of droplets per target area needed to cause 50% and 90% mortality (LN50 and LN90) yielded a series of model curves. Field tests were done on the computed optimal doses of the pesticide for a spray apparatus (electrostatically charged spray) to assess the spray's bioefficacy against A. gossypii and A. biguttula. Main results: In comparison to uncharged mist blower spray, which had a bioefficacy of 91% for an LN90 dose of 110 g a.i. L-1, the spray had an 89% bioefficacy on A. gossypii. Using the electrostatic spray, it was 91% effective against A. biguttula and 98% effective against an uncharged mist blower at a dose of 110 g a.i. L-1 of LN90. Research highlights: This generalized method of modelling could effectively compute the optimal pesticide dose for any plant, pest, pesticide, and spray equipment combination.
"The objective of this paper was to assess the current status of farm machinery manufacturers in Madhya Pradesh along with farm machinery market size, production potential and demand of farm machinery using primary data. To achieve the goal, primary data were collected through pre-tested and wellstructured proforma in 2017-18 adopting post-stratified random sampling technique. The market size of farm machinery manufacturing sector was estimated to be INR 7.56 (±0.21) Billion. There were 53% manufacturers with an annual turnover less than INR 10 Million and only 3 % manufactures had annual turnover more than INR 150 Million. High coefficient of variation for advance tools like vertical milling centre (660%) and CNC (Computer numeric control) machine (358%) indicated non uniform utilization of advance tools which affects the quality of manufactured farm implements. The survey conducted in the study region had manufactures producing around 45 different farm implements for agriculture. Investigation revealed that the production of the implements like rotavator, laser land leveler, reaper, combine harvester, chaff cutter and spray were less than its demand, which prompted the users to import these implements from neighboring States like Gujarat, Rajasthan and Punjab. The study showed that 43 % of the total manufacturers were integrated with Madhya Pradesh Government subsidy scheme. The manufactures of Madhya Pradesh also exported farm implements like reversible Mould Board plough to South Asian country and other developing country"
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