The COVID-19 preventive measurements restrict farm-workers from travel to their farms, social distancing and lockdown to prevent them from getting infected. Consequently, farming and irrigation activities are dramatically reduced due to shortage of farm-workers and reduction of crops production. To find solutions, various technologies have been adopted to remotely connect farmers with their farm-fields from their homes and perform the same work as they are in the farm. An Internet of Things (IoT) approach, modern sensor technologies, and smart irrigation equipment are coupled to allow the collection of the field data for automatic irrigation of the field. This paper presents the IoT system based on Fuzzy logic controller that assists farmers to receive and monitor necessary irrigation data from the farm field through their smart phones and PCs. The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed in the field to measure the water content in the soil and water used for plants by measuring the soil moisture dynamics throughout the entire duration of the crop growing season in the Maize crop farm. The Fuzzy logic controller was used for data analytics and intelligent decision making as well as Fuzzy logic toolbox in MATLAB to simulate irrigation scheduling process. The system saves 50% of water and energy consumption for irrigation, 80% reduction of farm-workers and increase in 20% of crop production.
A safe and effective transportation system is a key factor for national development. To achieve sustainable development goals, technology needs to be used in transportation sector. The authors noticed that the country economy is affected by some factors such as the time wasted by passengers on long queue waiting for the bus to come. Also, the mass gathering contribute in a rapid spread of COVID-19 among passengers. In this study, an effective system for booking bus ticket and tracking bus location was developed. The system uses web- based application that allows the user to check the bus availability, its location and pay ticket on line. The system was developed using ESP8266 a WiFi based microcontroller to provide communication between bus officials and clients, GPS for tracking bus location, LCD for displaying the availability of passengers on a particular bus station, bus official application for receiving the client request and client application for service request and make a follow up. The study was achieved by presenting system circuit diagram and process flow chart. Also, implementation of a physical prototype linked with developed web applications was done. The system enables passenger to easily track the bus location in its real time position, to save time for manual reservation of bus ticket. The passenger crowd management system (PCMS) is secured and can be used by administrator (companies) of buses due to its efficiency in monitoring both buses and passengers.
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