Pondweed is a rhizomatous perennial weed of aquatic habitats that has recently been adopted to rice ecosystems in northern Iran. Two field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran to determine the impact of pondweed on rice yield and identify effective herbicides for pondweed control. The focus of the first study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides commonly used in Iranian rice, including butachlor, pretilachlor, oxadiargyl, pendimethalin, thiobencarb, and bensulfuron methyl. None of these herbicides effectively controlled pondweed except bensulfuron, which reduced pondweed biomass by ≥95% and produced 26% higher rough rice grain yield than the weedy check. The second experiment evaluated the efficacy of eight acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides on pondweed control, rough rice yield, and pondweed regrowth. Herbicide efficacy varied from 36% to 100%. Five preemergence soil-applied herbicides, bensulfuron-methyl, metazosulfuron, flucetosulfuron, triafamone + ethoxysulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl provided excellent control (≥98%) of pondweed. Postemergence herbicides penoxsulam, bispyribac-sodium, and pyribenzoxim provided 36%, 89%, and 93% pondweed control, respectively. Rough rice yields ranged from 107% to 124% in herbicide-treated plots compared with the weedy check. No significant differences were detected between the rough rice yield of hand-weeded control and foliar-applied herbicide treatments, whereas yields in soil-applied herbicide treatments were higher (≥119%) than the hand-weeded control. Pondweed regrowth was affected by herbicides and was variable. Soil-applied residual herbicides metazosulfuron, flucetosulfuron, and metsulfuron provided complete control of pondweed and prevented regrowth. In contrast, pondweed regrowth in other soil and foliar-applied herbicide treatments occurred, indicating that they have less translocation to underground vegetative rhizomes. This study shows that while most sulfonylurea herbicides can control pondweed effectively to achieve high rough rice yield, only a few soil-applied herbicides were able to prevent pondweed regrowth.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.