This review article notes the importance of timely detection of cancer and precancerous diseases by screening. The key objective is to analyze screening approaches in developed countries. Results of the study of the experience, effectiveness, and current situation in the organization of cancer screening trials in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The analysis has been performed based on published data on oncology screening carried out in Kazakhstan (2008Kazakhstan ( -2019 and independently collected data from the regions of the country. There is a tendency of growth of morbidity rate and decrease of mortality rate by screening localizations for the mentioned period. The percentage of detected malignant neoplasms is relatively low (from 15% in colorectal cancer screening to 35.4% in breast cancer screening). To study foreign experience in the organization of screening studies, the available data were taken from countries with different types of health care systems, including OECD countries (USA,
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