Shallow seismic measurement, specifically seismic refraction tomography, is an effective geophysical method that has applications in various sectors. It enables the search for and determination of the course of the interfaces, thus helping to resolve geological, environmental, hydrogeological, engineering, geotechnical and other problems. The paper demonstrates the possibilities of using these methods through examples of shallow seismic measurements that have been performed at various four locations in the Western Carpathian Mountains. The first case study describes Monastery Pond at Katarínka. It was found that, the basement of the Monastery pond is at a depth of 2-3 m below the surface and the results were also confirmed by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The next measurement through the thermal power station waste storage showed that the storage area base runs at a depth of about 20 m under the measured profile. The third case study addresses the depth of groundwater depth in the area of Borská nízina. The measurement confirmed the assumed depth of ground water level at 3.35 m below the surface. In the last case study, border fault between the Turiec Basin and the Malá Fatra Mts. was mapped by application of shallow refraction methods. The results show that shallow seismic methods shed light on the problem and in combination with other geophysical methods are an effective tool with great potential. They provide very useful data for shallow mapping applications.
The Vienna Basin is situated at the contact of the Bohemian Massif, Western Carpathians, and Eastern Alps. Deep borehole data and an existing magnetotelluric profile were used in density modelling of the pre-Neogene basement in the Slovak part of the Vienna Basin. Density modelling was carried out along a profile oriented in a NW–SE direction, across the expected contacts of the main geological structures. From bottom to top, four structural floors have been defined. Bohemian Massif crystalline basement with the autochthonous Mesozoic sedimentary cover sequence. The accretionary sedimentary wedge of the Flysch Belt above the Bohemian Massif rocks sequences. The Mesozoic sediments considered to be part of the Carpathian Klippen Belt together with Mesozoic cover nappes of Alpine and Carpathian provenance are thrust over the Flysch Belt creating the third structural floor. The Neogene sediments form the highest structural floor overlying tectonic contacts of the Flysch sediments and Klippen Belt as well as the Klippen Belt and the Alpine/Carpathians nappe structures.
In this contribution we present results from a case-study, which was performed in collaboration between geophysicists and explosive ordnance disposal technicians at the Rohožník military training range in SW Slovakia. The aim of this study was to locate a deep-penetrated unexploded Mk-82 aerial bomb using high-definition digital magnetometry. The location where this bomb had entered the ground was known but its final position needed to be determined so that a safe excavation and disposal could be conducted. However, the detection of this unexploded ordnance object was complicated by the presence of intense magnetic interference from a number of near surface ferrous items including non-explosive test bombs, fragmentation and other iron junk. These items contributed a localised, high amplitude of magnetic clutter masking any deeper source. Our strategy was to approach the problem in three stages. First, we used magnetic data to locate the near surface items. After the detection and before the excavation of the searched objects, two quantitative interpretation methods were used. These involved an optimised modelling of source bodies and the application of a 3D Euler deconvolution. Both methods yielded acceptable results, but the former was found to be more accurate. After the interpretation phase, many of the items were then safely excavated and removed individually. A second magnetic mapping was then performed and from this data which was now significantly less cluttered, we were able to identify but not quantify, two deep source items and to confirm that all remaining near surface items were significantly smaller in size than a Mk-82 bomb. As the remaining near surface sources were interpreted as being contained within the surface one metre of soil and being small they could be assured to be non-explosive, it was considered most practical to mechanically excavate and remove this soil and the remaining objects contained.
The main purpose of the survey in the 1 st protection zone area of the Sliač Spa and the Baková jama was to clarify the geological-tectonical structure. The vertical electric sounding (VES) technique was selected as the main geophysical survey method. Additionally, the soil radon emanometry was carried out to verify tectonic lines' presence. The outcrop of Pre-Tertiary basement was discovered in the form of small isolated island. No tectonic line was identified based on the evaluation of profile radon concentration. The results of geoelectrical measurements are presented in 8 geological-geophysical crosssections. The results and the tectonic lines' courses interpreted by the VES method are drawn in the map of new indications. The isoline maps and 3D model of Pre-Tertiary basement were constructed.
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